The Clupeocephala re-visited: Analysis of characters and homologies

The characters supporting the monophyly of Clupeocephala are revised. The re-evaluation of these characters demonstrates that: 1) several characters as previously interpreted, are not unique, but homoplastic occurring elsewhere in non clupeocephalans (e.g., †crossognathiforms and osteoglos...

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Autor principal:	Arratia,Gloria
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Universidad de Valparaíso. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar 2010
Materias:	Fishes Teleostei monophyly synapomorphies homoplasies
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-19572010000400009
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0718-195720100004000092011-04-28The Clupeocephala re-visited: Analysis of characters and homologiesArratia,Gloria Fishes Teleostei monophyly synapomorphies homoplasies The characters supporting the monophyly of Clupeocephala are revised. The re-evaluation of these characters demonstrates that: 1) several characters as previously interpreted, are not unique, but homoplastic occurring elsewhere in non clupeocephalans (e.g., †crossognathiforms and osteoglossomorphs); 2) other characters are absent in most basal clupeocephalans; 3) some are variably present in basal clupeocephalans; 4) other characters seem to be wrong; and 5) several characters as previously defined, represent ambiguous homologies. Nevertheless, the present study reveals that the monophyly of Clupeocephala is supported by several unambiguous characters. Three of them are, apparently, uniquely derived novelties (early ossification of autopalatine; hyoidean artery piercing ventral hypohyal; toothplate of last pharyngobranchial or pharyngobranchial cartilage 4 corresponds to growth of only one toothplate), and seven are homoplastic, but are interpreted here as independently acquired in the different teleostean subgroups where they occur (e.g., anguloarticular present; retroarticular excluded from articular facet for quadrate; toothplates on pharyngobranchial 1 absent; six or fewer hypurals present). One character previously interpreted as a clupeocephalan synapomorphy (neural arch of ural centrum 1 [polyural terminology] reduced or lost) is proposed as a euteleostean synapomorphy. Additionally, the results reveal the need for further developmental, morphological, ontogenetic and phylogenetic studies, including many basal and advanced elopomorph, osteoglossomorph, and clupeocephalan species, to understand the meaning and distribution of the homoplastic characters and to test those interpreted as unique novelties of teleostean subgroups.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessUniversidad de Valparaíso. Facultad de Ciencias del MarRevista de biología marina y oceanografía v.45 suppl.1 20102010-12-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-19572010000400009en10.4067/S0718-19572010000400009
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Fishes Teleostei monophyly synapomorphies homoplasies
spellingShingle	Fishes Teleostei monophyly synapomorphies homoplasies Arratia,Gloria The Clupeocephala re-visited: Analysis of characters and homologies
description	The characters supporting the monophyly of Clupeocephala are revised. The re-evaluation of these characters demonstrates that: 1) several characters as previously interpreted, are not unique, but homoplastic occurring elsewhere in non clupeocephalans (e.g., †crossognathiforms and osteoglossomorphs); 2) other characters are absent in most basal clupeocephalans; 3) some are variably present in basal clupeocephalans; 4) other characters seem to be wrong; and 5) several characters as previously defined, represent ambiguous homologies. Nevertheless, the present study reveals that the monophyly of Clupeocephala is supported by several unambiguous characters. Three of them are, apparently, uniquely derived novelties (early ossification of autopalatine; hyoidean artery piercing ventral hypohyal; toothplate of last pharyngobranchial or pharyngobranchial cartilage 4 corresponds to growth of only one toothplate), and seven are homoplastic, but are interpreted here as independently acquired in the different teleostean subgroups where they occur (e.g., anguloarticular present; retroarticular excluded from articular facet for quadrate; toothplates on pharyngobranchial 1 absent; six or fewer hypurals present). One character previously interpreted as a clupeocephalan synapomorphy (neural arch of ural centrum 1 [polyural terminology] reduced or lost) is proposed as a euteleostean synapomorphy. Additionally, the results reveal the need for further developmental, morphological, ontogenetic and phylogenetic studies, including many basal and advanced elopomorph, osteoglossomorph, and clupeocephalan species, to understand the meaning and distribution of the homoplastic characters and to test those interpreted as unique novelties of teleostean subgroups.
author	Arratia,Gloria
author_facet	Arratia,Gloria
author_sort	Arratia,Gloria
title	The Clupeocephala re-visited: Analysis of characters and homologies
title_short	The Clupeocephala re-visited: Analysis of characters and homologies
title_full	The Clupeocephala re-visited: Analysis of characters and homologies
title_fullStr	The Clupeocephala re-visited: Analysis of characters and homologies
title_full_unstemmed	The Clupeocephala re-visited: Analysis of characters and homologies
title_sort	clupeocephala re-visited: analysis of characters and homologies
publisher	Universidad de Valparaíso. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar
publishDate	2010
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-19572010000400009
work_keys_str_mv	AT arratiagloria theclupeocephalarevisitedanalysisofcharactersandhomologies AT arratiagloria clupeocephalarevisitedanalysisofcharactersandhomologies
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The Clupeocephala re-visited: Analysis of characters and homologies

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