Concentrations of heavy metals in Eucalyptus and Pinus wood sawdust and smoke, Copperbelt province, Zambia

The bulk of exotic forest plantations and sawmills in Zambia are within the reach of air pollutants from mines on the Copperbelt province. Up to 60% of every cubic meter of the timber processed is waste, of which 0,12 m³ is sawdust. Sawdust is largely used for various surface amendments and as a sou...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Ncube,Elisha, Phiri,Benjamin
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Universidad del Bío-Bío 2015
Materias:	Eucalyptus cloesiana Eucalyptus grandis heavy metals Pinus kesiya Pinus oocarpa wood sawdust stove wood sawdust smoke
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-221X2015000300012
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:scielo:S0718-221X2015000300012
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:scielo:S0718-221X20150003000122015-12-04Concentrations of heavy metals in Eucalyptus and Pinus wood sawdust and smoke, Copperbelt province, ZambiaNcube,ElishaPhiri,Benjamin Eucalyptus cloesiana Eucalyptus grandis heavy metals Pinus kesiya Pinus oocarpa wood sawdust stove wood sawdust smoke The bulk of exotic forest plantations and sawmills in Zambia are within the reach of air pollutants from mines on the Copperbelt province. Up to 60% of every cubic meter of the timber processed is waste, of which 0,12 m³ is sawdust. Sawdust is largely used for various surface amendments and as a source of energy, but the dangers it poses to users are not known. Heavy metals assimilated by trees or adsorbed by sawdust from the environment may be a health hazard at certain levels. The amount of heavy metals in Eucalyptus and Pinus sawdust was evaluated on samples from Kitwe and Ndola to establish if the use of sawdust for energy and surface amendments was safe. Composite samples for each wood type were collected from each site and digested. The ensuing solution was filtered and analyzed by flame emission Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for heavy metals. Smoke from a burning test was trapped on Whateman 41 filter paper and the particulate matter that was trapped was extracted. The extract mixture was centrifuged to obtain a clear solution which was then analyzed for heavy metals by AAS. The heavy metal concentrations in Eucalyptus sawdust were 11,5-61,1 mg Pb/kg; 3,3-7,9 mg Cd/kg; 4,9-56,9 mg Cr/kg and 20,2-43,4 mg Ni/kg while that in Pinus sawdust were 17,1-32,8 mg Pb/kg; 5,1-8,6 mg Cd/kg; 9,9-28,2 mg Cr/kg and 18,7-67,4 mg Ni/kg. The concentrations of chromium and cadmium in both wood types from Kitwe exceeded the limit, and so the sawdust was deemed unsuitable for surface applications. This was the same for nickel in Pinus sawdust. The study showed that sawdust from both wood types was not safe for mulching, composting and animal bedding. The annual exposure limits of 0,2 μg Cr/m³, 180 μg Ni/m³ and 0,2 µg Cd/m³ set by the World Health Organization were not exceeded by the smoke from both wood types. This suggested that heavy metals embedded on particulate matter from Eucalyptus and Pinus sawdust which has been in storage for about two years in conditions found in Kitwe is unlikely to have adverse short-term health effects associated with heavy metals.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessUniversidad del Bío-BíoMaderas. Ciencia y tecnología v.17 n.3 20152015-07-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-221X2015000300012en10.4067/S0718-221X2015005000052
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Eucalyptus cloesiana Eucalyptus grandis heavy metals Pinus kesiya Pinus oocarpa wood sawdust stove wood sawdust smoke
spellingShingle	Eucalyptus cloesiana Eucalyptus grandis heavy metals Pinus kesiya Pinus oocarpa wood sawdust stove wood sawdust smoke Ncube,Elisha Phiri,Benjamin Concentrations of heavy metals in Eucalyptus and Pinus wood sawdust and smoke, Copperbelt province, Zambia
description	The bulk of exotic forest plantations and sawmills in Zambia are within the reach of air pollutants from mines on the Copperbelt province. Up to 60% of every cubic meter of the timber processed is waste, of which 0,12 m³ is sawdust. Sawdust is largely used for various surface amendments and as a source of energy, but the dangers it poses to users are not known. Heavy metals assimilated by trees or adsorbed by sawdust from the environment may be a health hazard at certain levels. The amount of heavy metals in Eucalyptus and Pinus sawdust was evaluated on samples from Kitwe and Ndola to establish if the use of sawdust for energy and surface amendments was safe. Composite samples for each wood type were collected from each site and digested. The ensuing solution was filtered and analyzed by flame emission Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for heavy metals. Smoke from a burning test was trapped on Whateman 41 filter paper and the particulate matter that was trapped was extracted. The extract mixture was centrifuged to obtain a clear solution which was then analyzed for heavy metals by AAS. The heavy metal concentrations in Eucalyptus sawdust were 11,5-61,1 mg Pb/kg; 3,3-7,9 mg Cd/kg; 4,9-56,9 mg Cr/kg and 20,2-43,4 mg Ni/kg while that in Pinus sawdust were 17,1-32,8 mg Pb/kg; 5,1-8,6 mg Cd/kg; 9,9-28,2 mg Cr/kg and 18,7-67,4 mg Ni/kg. The concentrations of chromium and cadmium in both wood types from Kitwe exceeded the limit, and so the sawdust was deemed unsuitable for surface applications. This was the same for nickel in Pinus sawdust. The study showed that sawdust from both wood types was not safe for mulching, composting and animal bedding. The annual exposure limits of 0,2 μg Cr/m³, 180 μg Ni/m³ and 0,2 µg Cd/m³ set by the World Health Organization were not exceeded by the smoke from both wood types. This suggested that heavy metals embedded on particulate matter from Eucalyptus and Pinus sawdust which has been in storage for about two years in conditions found in Kitwe is unlikely to have adverse short-term health effects associated with heavy metals.
author	Ncube,Elisha Phiri,Benjamin
author_facet	Ncube,Elisha Phiri,Benjamin
author_sort	Ncube,Elisha
title	Concentrations of heavy metals in Eucalyptus and Pinus wood sawdust and smoke, Copperbelt province, Zambia
title_short	Concentrations of heavy metals in Eucalyptus and Pinus wood sawdust and smoke, Copperbelt province, Zambia
title_full	Concentrations of heavy metals in Eucalyptus and Pinus wood sawdust and smoke, Copperbelt province, Zambia
title_fullStr	Concentrations of heavy metals in Eucalyptus and Pinus wood sawdust and smoke, Copperbelt province, Zambia
title_full_unstemmed	Concentrations of heavy metals in Eucalyptus and Pinus wood sawdust and smoke, Copperbelt province, Zambia
title_sort	concentrations of heavy metals in eucalyptus and pinus wood sawdust and smoke, copperbelt province, zambia
publisher	Universidad del Bío-Bío
publishDate	2015
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-221X2015000300012
work_keys_str_mv	AT ncubeelisha concentrationsofheavymetalsineucalyptusandpinuswoodsawdustandsmokecopperbeltprovincezambia AT phiribenjamin concentrationsofheavymetalsineucalyptusandpinuswoodsawdustandsmokecopperbeltprovincezambia
_version_	1714202604472369152

Concentrations of heavy metals in Eucalyptus and Pinus wood sawdust and smoke, Copperbelt province, Zambia

Ejemplares similares