Effect of Ethephon on Almond Bloom Delay, Yield, and Nut Quality under Warm Climate Conditions in Northwestern Mexico

World almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) production is mostly located in areas where flowering is injured by low temperatures, and using ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) to delay bloom is suggested as a measure to avoid frost damage. However, it is unknown if that practice could be bene...

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Autores principales:	Grijalva-Contreras,Raúl Leonel, Martínez-Díaz,Gerardo, Macías-Duarte,Rubén, Robles-Contreras,Fabián
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA 2011
Materias:	frost damage ethephon yield nut quality
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392011000100004
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0718-583920110001000042018-10-01Effect of Ethephon on Almond Bloom Delay, Yield, and Nut Quality under Warm Climate Conditions in Northwestern MexicoGrijalva-Contreras,Raúl LeonelMartínez-Díaz,GerardoMacías-Duarte,RubénRobles-Contreras,Fabián frost damage ethephon yield nut quality World almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) production is mostly located in areas where flowering is injured by low temperatures, and using ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) to delay bloom is suggested as a measure to avoid frost damage. However, it is unknown if that practice could be beneficial in Mexico’s warm climates. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethephon on almond bloom delay and yield. We evaluated foliar applications of ethephon at doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg L-1 at 10% leaf drop stage and at 150 mg L-1 during dormancy over 2 yr. In 2004, ethephon applied at 10% leaf drop stage delayed bloom by 7, 8, and 9 d at 75, 150, and 300 mg L-1, respectively (p < 0.01), and in 2005, bloom delay was 3 d at 300 mg L-1. Ethephon applied during dormancy delayed bloom 2 d in the first year, but showed no effect in the second year. Yield and fruit set were affected by ethephon applied at 10% leaf drop stage only in 2004. Neither yield nor fruit set were affected by ethephon applied during dormancy in both years. Pistil length, nut quality, harvest date, and gum exudation were not affected by ethephon. In accordance with the results, ethephon should not be recommended to delay bloom in almond orchards growing in Mexico’s warm climates.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessInstituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIAChilean journal of agricultural research v.71 n.1 20112011-03-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392011000100004en10.4067/S0718-58392011000100004
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	frost damage ethephon yield nut quality
spellingShingle	frost damage ethephon yield nut quality Grijalva-Contreras,Raúl Leonel Martínez-Díaz,Gerardo Macías-Duarte,Rubén Robles-Contreras,Fabián Effect of Ethephon on Almond Bloom Delay, Yield, and Nut Quality under Warm Climate Conditions in Northwestern Mexico
description	World almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) production is mostly located in areas where flowering is injured by low temperatures, and using ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) to delay bloom is suggested as a measure to avoid frost damage. However, it is unknown if that practice could be beneficial in Mexico’s warm climates. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethephon on almond bloom delay and yield. We evaluated foliar applications of ethephon at doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg L-1 at 10% leaf drop stage and at 150 mg L-1 during dormancy over 2 yr. In 2004, ethephon applied at 10% leaf drop stage delayed bloom by 7, 8, and 9 d at 75, 150, and 300 mg L-1, respectively (p < 0.01), and in 2005, bloom delay was 3 d at 300 mg L-1. Ethephon applied during dormancy delayed bloom 2 d in the first year, but showed no effect in the second year. Yield and fruit set were affected by ethephon applied at 10% leaf drop stage only in 2004. Neither yield nor fruit set were affected by ethephon applied during dormancy in both years. Pistil length, nut quality, harvest date, and gum exudation were not affected by ethephon. In accordance with the results, ethephon should not be recommended to delay bloom in almond orchards growing in Mexico’s warm climates.
author	Grijalva-Contreras,Raúl Leonel Martínez-Díaz,Gerardo Macías-Duarte,Rubén Robles-Contreras,Fabián
author_facet	Grijalva-Contreras,Raúl Leonel Martínez-Díaz,Gerardo Macías-Duarte,Rubén Robles-Contreras,Fabián
author_sort	Grijalva-Contreras,Raúl Leonel
title	Effect of Ethephon on Almond Bloom Delay, Yield, and Nut Quality under Warm Climate Conditions in Northwestern Mexico
title_short	Effect of Ethephon on Almond Bloom Delay, Yield, and Nut Quality under Warm Climate Conditions in Northwestern Mexico
title_full	Effect of Ethephon on Almond Bloom Delay, Yield, and Nut Quality under Warm Climate Conditions in Northwestern Mexico
title_fullStr	Effect of Ethephon on Almond Bloom Delay, Yield, and Nut Quality under Warm Climate Conditions in Northwestern Mexico
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of Ethephon on Almond Bloom Delay, Yield, and Nut Quality under Warm Climate Conditions in Northwestern Mexico
title_sort	effect of ethephon on almond bloom delay, yield, and nut quality under warm climate conditions in northwestern mexico
publisher	Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA
publishDate	2011
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392011000100004
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_version_	1714205291293179904

Effect of Ethephon on Almond Bloom Delay, Yield, and Nut Quality under Warm Climate Conditions in Northwestern Mexico

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