Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen use Efficiency by Grazing Dairy Cows

Grazing dairy cows are characterized by converting a low proportion of dietary N into milk N. This low N use efficiency (NUE) is mainly due to an excessive supply of crude protein (CP) of pasture with regard to animal requirements. Excess N in the diet has negative effects for the animal; it alters...

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Autores principales:	Keim,Juan Pablo, Anrique,René
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA 2011
Materias:	Concentrate supplementation ruminal synchrony high sugar ryegrass crude protein milk production
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392011000400019
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0718-583920110004000192018-10-01Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen use Efficiency by Grazing Dairy CowsKeim,Juan PabloAnrique,René Concentrate supplementation ruminal synchrony high sugar ryegrass crude protein milk production Grazing dairy cows are characterized by converting a low proportion of dietary N into milk N. This low N use efficiency (NUE) is mainly due to an excessive supply of crude protein (CP) of pasture with regard to animal requirements. Excess N in the diet has negative effects for the animal; it alters the organoleptic characteristics of milk and pollutes the environment through N excretions. The aim of this review was to analyze the available information on nutritional strategies to improve NUE by grazing dairy cows, such as diluting the dietary N through supplementation, synchronizing ruminal carbohydrate (CHO), and N fermentation rates, and using pastures with a high water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content. There is a beneficial effect of carbohydrate supplementation on NUE, with an increase in milk yield (MY) of 0.83 ± 0.34 kg milk kg-1 supplement and a reduction of ammonia N (NH3-N) in the rumen. A better synchrony between CHO and rumen N does not improve MY and NUE. However, a positive effect on NUE was identified as a result of increasing the WSC/CP ratio. The use of cultivars with high WSC content increases the dry matter intake (DMI), MY, and milk N production, with no consistent effect on NUE.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessInstituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIAChilean journal of agricultural research v.71 n.4 20112011-12-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392011000400019en10.4067/S0718-58392011000400019
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Concentrate supplementation ruminal synchrony high sugar ryegrass crude protein milk production
spellingShingle	Concentrate supplementation ruminal synchrony high sugar ryegrass crude protein milk production Keim,Juan Pablo Anrique,René Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen use Efficiency by Grazing Dairy Cows
description	Grazing dairy cows are characterized by converting a low proportion of dietary N into milk N. This low N use efficiency (NUE) is mainly due to an excessive supply of crude protein (CP) of pasture with regard to animal requirements. Excess N in the diet has negative effects for the animal; it alters the organoleptic characteristics of milk and pollutes the environment through N excretions. The aim of this review was to analyze the available information on nutritional strategies to improve NUE by grazing dairy cows, such as diluting the dietary N through supplementation, synchronizing ruminal carbohydrate (CHO), and N fermentation rates, and using pastures with a high water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content. There is a beneficial effect of carbohydrate supplementation on NUE, with an increase in milk yield (MY) of 0.83 ± 0.34 kg milk kg-1 supplement and a reduction of ammonia N (NH3-N) in the rumen. A better synchrony between CHO and rumen N does not improve MY and NUE. However, a positive effect on NUE was identified as a result of increasing the WSC/CP ratio. The use of cultivars with high WSC content increases the dry matter intake (DMI), MY, and milk N production, with no consistent effect on NUE.
author	Keim,Juan Pablo Anrique,René
author_facet	Keim,Juan Pablo Anrique,René
author_sort	Keim,Juan Pablo
title	Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen use Efficiency by Grazing Dairy Cows
title_short	Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen use Efficiency by Grazing Dairy Cows
title_full	Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen use Efficiency by Grazing Dairy Cows
title_fullStr	Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen use Efficiency by Grazing Dairy Cows
title_full_unstemmed	Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen use Efficiency by Grazing Dairy Cows
title_sort	nutritional strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency by grazing dairy cows
publisher	Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA
publishDate	2011
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392011000400019
work_keys_str_mv	AT keimjuanpablo nutritionalstrategiestoimprovenitrogenuseefficiencybygrazingdairycows AT anriquerene nutritionalstrategiestoimprovenitrogenuseefficiencybygrazingdairycows
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Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen use Efficiency by Grazing Dairy Cows

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