Coastal uplift and tsunami effects associated to the 2010 Mw8.8 Maule earthquake in Central Chile

On February 27, 2010 at 03:34:08 AM an Mw8.8 earthquake, with epicenter located off Cobquecura (73.24°W; 36.29°S), severely hit Central Chile. The tsunami waves that followed this event affected the coastal regions between the cities of Valparaíso and Valdivia, with minor effects as far as Coquimbo....

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Autores principales:	Vargas,Gabriel, Farías,Marcelo, Carretier,Sébastien, Tassara,Andrés, Baize,Stéphane, Melnick,Daniel
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN) 2011
Materias:	M 8.8 Maule earthquake Central Chile Coseismic coastal uplift Tsunami effect Terremoto M 8,8 Chile central Levantamiento cosísmico costero Tsunami
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-71062011000100011
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0718-710620110001000112011-03-25Coastal uplift and tsunami effects associated to the 2010 Mw8.8 Maule earthquake in Central ChileVargas,GabrielFarías,MarceloCarretier,SébastienTassara,AndrésBaize,StéphaneMelnick,Daniel M 8.8 Maule earthquake Central Chile Coseismic coastal uplift Tsunami effect Terremoto M 8,8 Chile central Levantamiento cosísmico costero Tsunami On February 27, 2010 at 03:34:08 AM an Mw8.8 earthquake, with epicenter located off Cobquecura (73.24°W; 36.29°S), severely hit Central Chile. The tsunami waves that followed this event affected the coastal regions between the cities of Valparaíso and Valdivia, with minor effects as far as Coquimbo. The earthquake oceurred along the subduction of the Nazca oceanic plate beneath the South American plate. Coseismic coastal uplift was estimated through observations of bleached lithothamnioids crustose coralline algae, which were exposed after the mainshock between 34.13°S and 38.34°S, suggesting the latitudinal distribution of the earthquake rupture. The measured coastal uplift values varied between 240±20 cm at sites closerto the trench along the western coast of the Arauco peninsulaand 15±10 cm at sites located farther east. A maximum valué of 260±50 cm was observed at the western coast of Santa María Island, which is similar to the reported uplift associated with the 1835 earthquake at Concepción. Land subsidence values on the order of 0.5 m to 1 m evidenced a change in polarity and position of the coseismic hinge at 110-120 km from the trench. In four sites along the coast we observed a close match between coastal uplift values deduced from bleached lithothamnioids algae and GPS measurements. According to field observations tsunami heights reached ca. 14 m in the coastal area of the Maule region immediately north of the epicenter, and diminished progressively northwards to 4-2 m near Valparaíso. Along the coast of Cobquecura, tsunami height values were inferior to 2-4 m. More variable tsunami heights of 6-8 m were measured at Dichato-Talcahuano and Tirúa-Puerto Saavedra, in the Biobío and Arauco regions, respectively, to the south of the epicenter. According to eyewitnesses, the tsunami reached the coast between 12 to 20 and 30 to 45 minutes in areas located closer and faraway from the earthquake rupture zone, respectively. Destructive tsunami waves arrived also between 2.5 and 4.5 hours after the mainshock, especially along the coast of the Biobío and Arauco regions. The tsunami effects were highly variable along the coast, as a result of geomorphological and bathy-metric local conditions, besides potential complexities induced by the main shock.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessServicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN)Andean geology v.38 n.1 20112011-01-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-71062011000100011en
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	M 8.8 Maule earthquake Central Chile Coseismic coastal uplift Tsunami effect Terremoto M 8,8 Chile central Levantamiento cosísmico costero Tsunami
spellingShingle	M 8.8 Maule earthquake Central Chile Coseismic coastal uplift Tsunami effect Terremoto M 8,8 Chile central Levantamiento cosísmico costero Tsunami Vargas,Gabriel Farías,Marcelo Carretier,Sébastien Tassara,Andrés Baize,Stéphane Melnick,Daniel Coastal uplift and tsunami effects associated to the 2010 Mw8.8 Maule earthquake in Central Chile
description	On February 27, 2010 at 03:34:08 AM an Mw8.8 earthquake, with epicenter located off Cobquecura (73.24°W; 36.29°S), severely hit Central Chile. The tsunami waves that followed this event affected the coastal regions between the cities of Valparaíso and Valdivia, with minor effects as far as Coquimbo. The earthquake oceurred along the subduction of the Nazca oceanic plate beneath the South American plate. Coseismic coastal uplift was estimated through observations of bleached lithothamnioids crustose coralline algae, which were exposed after the mainshock between 34.13°S and 38.34°S, suggesting the latitudinal distribution of the earthquake rupture. The measured coastal uplift values varied between 240±20 cm at sites closerto the trench along the western coast of the Arauco peninsulaand 15±10 cm at sites located farther east. A maximum valué of 260±50 cm was observed at the western coast of Santa María Island, which is similar to the reported uplift associated with the 1835 earthquake at Concepción. Land subsidence values on the order of 0.5 m to 1 m evidenced a change in polarity and position of the coseismic hinge at 110-120 km from the trench. In four sites along the coast we observed a close match between coastal uplift values deduced from bleached lithothamnioids algae and GPS measurements. According to field observations tsunami heights reached ca. 14 m in the coastal area of the Maule region immediately north of the epicenter, and diminished progressively northwards to 4-2 m near Valparaíso. Along the coast of Cobquecura, tsunami height values were inferior to 2-4 m. More variable tsunami heights of 6-8 m were measured at Dichato-Talcahuano and Tirúa-Puerto Saavedra, in the Biobío and Arauco regions, respectively, to the south of the epicenter. According to eyewitnesses, the tsunami reached the coast between 12 to 20 and 30 to 45 minutes in areas located closer and faraway from the earthquake rupture zone, respectively. Destructive tsunami waves arrived also between 2.5 and 4.5 hours after the mainshock, especially along the coast of the Biobío and Arauco regions. The tsunami effects were highly variable along the coast, as a result of geomorphological and bathy-metric local conditions, besides potential complexities induced by the main shock.
author	Vargas,Gabriel Farías,Marcelo Carretier,Sébastien Tassara,Andrés Baize,Stéphane Melnick,Daniel
author_facet	Vargas,Gabriel Farías,Marcelo Carretier,Sébastien Tassara,Andrés Baize,Stéphane Melnick,Daniel
author_sort	Vargas,Gabriel
title	Coastal uplift and tsunami effects associated to the 2010 Mw8.8 Maule earthquake in Central Chile
title_short	Coastal uplift and tsunami effects associated to the 2010 Mw8.8 Maule earthquake in Central Chile
title_full	Coastal uplift and tsunami effects associated to the 2010 Mw8.8 Maule earthquake in Central Chile
title_fullStr	Coastal uplift and tsunami effects associated to the 2010 Mw8.8 Maule earthquake in Central Chile
title_full_unstemmed	Coastal uplift and tsunami effects associated to the 2010 Mw8.8 Maule earthquake in Central Chile
title_sort	coastal uplift and tsunami effects associated to the 2010 mw8.8 maule earthquake in central chile
publisher	Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN)
publishDate	2011
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-71062011000100011
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Coastal uplift and tsunami effects associated to the 2010 Mw8.8 Maule earthquake in Central Chile

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