Availability of Mn, Zn and Fe in the rhizosphere

This review paper critically assesses the literature on soil-microbe-plant interactions influencing availability of micronutrients in the rhizosphere. The emphasis is placed on Zn and Mn, but Fe is also covered to some extent. Micronutrient availability in the rhizosphere is controlled by soil and p...

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Autor principal:	Rengel,Z
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Chilean Society of Soil Science / Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2015
Materias:	Exudation manganese microflora micronutrients rhizosphere zinc
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162015000200008
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0718-951620150002000082015-09-29Availability of Mn, Zn and Fe in the rhizosphereRengel,Z Exudation manganese microflora micronutrients rhizosphere zinc This review paper critically assesses the literature on soil-microbe-plant interactions influencing availability of micronutrients in the rhizosphere. The emphasis is placed on Zn and Mn, but Fe is also covered to some extent. Micronutrient availability in the rhizosphere is controlled by soil and plant properties, and interactions of roots with microorganisms and the surrounding soil. Plants exude a variety of organic compounds (carboxylate anions, phenolics, carbohydrates, amino acids, enzymes, etc.) and inorganic ions (protons, phosphate, etc.) to change chemistry and biology of the rhizosphere and increase micronutrient availability. Increased availability may result from solubilization and mobilization by short-chain organic acid anions, amino acids and other low-molecular-weight organic compounds. Acidification of the rhizosphere soil increases mobilization of micronutrients (eg. for Zn, 100-fold increase in solubility for each unit of pH decrease). For diffusion-supplied micronutrients, the uptake rate is governed by the soil nutrient supply. Fertilisation with micronutrients (more so in case of Zn than Fe) can be effective in increasing the concentration of micronutrients at the soil-root interface. In addition, micronutrient-efficient crops and genotypes can increase an available nutrient fraction and hence increase micronutrient uptake. Our understanding of the physiological processes governing exudation and the soil-plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere is currently inadequate, especially in terms of spatial and temporal variability in root exudation as well as the fate and effectiveness of organic and inorganic compounds in increasing availability of soil micronutrients and undesirable trace elements. The interactions between microorganisms and plants at the soil-root interface are particularly important as well obscure.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChilean Society of Soil Science / Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del SueloJournal of soil science and plant nutrition v.15 n.2 20152015-06-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162015000200008en10.4067/S0718-95162015005000036
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Exudation manganese microflora micronutrients rhizosphere zinc
spellingShingle	Exudation manganese microflora micronutrients rhizosphere zinc Rengel,Z Availability of Mn, Zn and Fe in the rhizosphere
description	This review paper critically assesses the literature on soil-microbe-plant interactions influencing availability of micronutrients in the rhizosphere. The emphasis is placed on Zn and Mn, but Fe is also covered to some extent. Micronutrient availability in the rhizosphere is controlled by soil and plant properties, and interactions of roots with microorganisms and the surrounding soil. Plants exude a variety of organic compounds (carboxylate anions, phenolics, carbohydrates, amino acids, enzymes, etc.) and inorganic ions (protons, phosphate, etc.) to change chemistry and biology of the rhizosphere and increase micronutrient availability. Increased availability may result from solubilization and mobilization by short-chain organic acid anions, amino acids and other low-molecular-weight organic compounds. Acidification of the rhizosphere soil increases mobilization of micronutrients (eg. for Zn, 100-fold increase in solubility for each unit of pH decrease). For diffusion-supplied micronutrients, the uptake rate is governed by the soil nutrient supply. Fertilisation with micronutrients (more so in case of Zn than Fe) can be effective in increasing the concentration of micronutrients at the soil-root interface. In addition, micronutrient-efficient crops and genotypes can increase an available nutrient fraction and hence increase micronutrient uptake. Our understanding of the physiological processes governing exudation and the soil-plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere is currently inadequate, especially in terms of spatial and temporal variability in root exudation as well as the fate and effectiveness of organic and inorganic compounds in increasing availability of soil micronutrients and undesirable trace elements. The interactions between microorganisms and plants at the soil-root interface are particularly important as well obscure.
author	Rengel,Z
author_facet	Rengel,Z
author_sort	Rengel,Z
title	Availability of Mn, Zn and Fe in the rhizosphere
title_short	Availability of Mn, Zn and Fe in the rhizosphere
title_full	Availability of Mn, Zn and Fe in the rhizosphere
title_fullStr	Availability of Mn, Zn and Fe in the rhizosphere
title_full_unstemmed	Availability of Mn, Zn and Fe in the rhizosphere
title_sort	availability of mn, zn and fe in the rhizosphere
publisher	Chilean Society of Soil Science / Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo
publishDate	2015
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162015000200008
work_keys_str_mv	AT rengelz availabilityofmnznandfeintherhizosphere
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Availability of Mn, Zn and Fe in the rhizosphere

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