An Augmented Reality Periscope for Submarines with Extended Visual Classification
Submarines are considered extremely strategic for any naval army due to their stealth capability. Periscopes are crucial sensors for these vessels, and emerging to the surface or periscope depth is required to identify visual contacts through this device. This maneuver has many procedures and usuall...
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MDPI AG
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:08fbff32d17b48859d4de81aedc963db2021-11-25T18:58:01ZAn Augmented Reality Periscope for Submarines with Extended Visual Classification10.3390/s212276241424-8220https://doaj.org/article/08fbff32d17b48859d4de81aedc963db2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7624https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220Submarines are considered extremely strategic for any naval army due to their stealth capability. Periscopes are crucial sensors for these vessels, and emerging to the surface or periscope depth is required to identify visual contacts through this device. This maneuver has many procedures and usually has to be fast and agile to avoid exposure. This paper presents and implements a novel architecture for real submarine periscopes developed for future Brazilian naval fleet operations. Our system consists of a probe that is connected to the craft and carries a 360 camera. We project and take the images inside the vessel using traditional VR/XR devices. We also propose and implement an efficient computer vision-based MR technique to estimate and display detected vessels effectively and precisely. The vessel detection model is trained using synthetic images. So, we built and made available a dataset composed of 99,000 images. Finally, we also estimate distances of the classified elements, showing all the information in an AR-based interface. Although the probe is wired-connected, it allows for the vessel to stand in deep positions, reducing its exposure and introducing a new way for submarine maneuvers and operations. We validate our proposal through a user experience experiment using 19 experts in periscope operations.André BreitingerEsteban CluaLeandro A. F. FernandesMDPI AGarticlecomputer visiondeep learningmixed realityobject detectionperiscopesynthetic dataChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7624, p 7624 (2021) |
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computer vision deep learning mixed reality object detection periscope synthetic data Chemical technology TP1-1185 |
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computer vision deep learning mixed reality object detection periscope synthetic data Chemical technology TP1-1185 André Breitinger Esteban Clua Leandro A. F. Fernandes An Augmented Reality Periscope for Submarines with Extended Visual Classification |
description |
Submarines are considered extremely strategic for any naval army due to their stealth capability. Periscopes are crucial sensors for these vessels, and emerging to the surface or periscope depth is required to identify visual contacts through this device. This maneuver has many procedures and usually has to be fast and agile to avoid exposure. This paper presents and implements a novel architecture for real submarine periscopes developed for future Brazilian naval fleet operations. Our system consists of a probe that is connected to the craft and carries a 360 camera. We project and take the images inside the vessel using traditional VR/XR devices. We also propose and implement an efficient computer vision-based MR technique to estimate and display detected vessels effectively and precisely. The vessel detection model is trained using synthetic images. So, we built and made available a dataset composed of 99,000 images. Finally, we also estimate distances of the classified elements, showing all the information in an AR-based interface. Although the probe is wired-connected, it allows for the vessel to stand in deep positions, reducing its exposure and introducing a new way for submarine maneuvers and operations. We validate our proposal through a user experience experiment using 19 experts in periscope operations. |
format |
article |
author |
André Breitinger Esteban Clua Leandro A. F. Fernandes |
author_facet |
André Breitinger Esteban Clua Leandro A. F. Fernandes |
author_sort |
André Breitinger |
title |
An Augmented Reality Periscope for Submarines with Extended Visual Classification |
title_short |
An Augmented Reality Periscope for Submarines with Extended Visual Classification |
title_full |
An Augmented Reality Periscope for Submarines with Extended Visual Classification |
title_fullStr |
An Augmented Reality Periscope for Submarines with Extended Visual Classification |
title_full_unstemmed |
An Augmented Reality Periscope for Submarines with Extended Visual Classification |
title_sort |
augmented reality periscope for submarines with extended visual classification |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/08fbff32d17b48859d4de81aedc963db |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT andrebreitinger anaugmentedrealityperiscopeforsubmarineswithextendedvisualclassification AT estebanclua anaugmentedrealityperiscopeforsubmarineswithextendedvisualclassification AT leandroaffernandes anaugmentedrealityperiscopeforsubmarineswithextendedvisualclassification AT andrebreitinger augmentedrealityperiscopeforsubmarineswithextendedvisualclassification AT estebanclua augmentedrealityperiscopeforsubmarineswithextendedvisualclassification AT leandroaffernandes augmentedrealityperiscopeforsubmarineswithextendedvisualclassification |
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1718410444919537664 |