Testing the role of symbols in preschool numeracy: An experimental computer-based intervention study.

Numeracy is of critical importance for scholastic success and modern-day living, but the precise mechanisms that drive its development are poorly understood. Here we used novel experimental training methods to begin to investigate the role of symbols in the development of numeracy in preschool-aged...

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Autores principales:	Daniel C Hyde, Yi Mou, Ilaria Berteletti, Elizabeth S Spelke, Stanislas Dehaene, Manuela Piazza
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0c0ba67ba2e64a26ad3dc0f167037cf9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0c0ba67ba2e64a26ad3dc0f167037cf92021-12-02T20:13:07ZTesting the role of symbols in preschool numeracy: An experimental computer-based intervention study.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0259775https://doaj.org/article/0c0ba67ba2e64a26ad3dc0f167037cf92021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259775https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Numeracy is of critical importance for scholastic success and modern-day living, but the precise mechanisms that drive its development are poorly understood. Here we used novel experimental training methods to begin to investigate the role of symbols in the development of numeracy in preschool-aged children. We assigned pre-school children in the U.S. and Italy (N = 215; Mean age = 49.15 months) to play one of five versions of a computer-based numerical comparison game for two weeks. The different versions of the game were equated on basic features of gameplay and demands but systematically varied in numerical content. Critically, some versions included non-symbolic numerical comparisons only, while others combined non-symbolic numerical comparison with symbolic aids of various types. Before and after training we assessed four components of early numeracy: counting proficiency, non-symbolic numerical comparison, one-to-one correspondence, and arithmetic set transformation. We found that overall children showed improvement in most of these components after completing these short trainings. However, children trained on numerical comparisons with symbolic aids made larger gains on assessments of one-to-one correspondence and arithmetic transformation compared to children whose training involved non-symbolic numerical comparison only. Further exploratory analyses suggested that, although there were no major differences between children trained with verbal symbols (e.g., verbal counting) and non-verbal visuo-spatial symbols (i.e., abacus counting), the gains in one-to-one correspondence may have been driven by abacus training, while the gains in non-verbal arithmetic transformations may have been driven by verbal training. These results provide initial evidence that the introduction of symbols may contribute to the emergence of numeracy by enhancing the capacity for thinking about exact equality and the numerical effects of set transformations. More broadly, this study provides an empirical basis to motivate further focused study of the processes by which children's mastery of symbols influences children's developing mastery of numeracy.Daniel C HydeYi MouIlaria BertelettiElizabeth S SpelkeStanislas DehaeneManuela PiazzaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11, p e0259775 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Daniel C Hyde Yi Mou Ilaria Berteletti Elizabeth S Spelke Stanislas Dehaene Manuela Piazza Testing the role of symbols in preschool numeracy: An experimental computer-based intervention study.
description	Numeracy is of critical importance for scholastic success and modern-day living, but the precise mechanisms that drive its development are poorly understood. Here we used novel experimental training methods to begin to investigate the role of symbols in the development of numeracy in preschool-aged children. We assigned pre-school children in the U.S. and Italy (N = 215; Mean age = 49.15 months) to play one of five versions of a computer-based numerical comparison game for two weeks. The different versions of the game were equated on basic features of gameplay and demands but systematically varied in numerical content. Critically, some versions included non-symbolic numerical comparisons only, while others combined non-symbolic numerical comparison with symbolic aids of various types. Before and after training we assessed four components of early numeracy: counting proficiency, non-symbolic numerical comparison, one-to-one correspondence, and arithmetic set transformation. We found that overall children showed improvement in most of these components after completing these short trainings. However, children trained on numerical comparisons with symbolic aids made larger gains on assessments of one-to-one correspondence and arithmetic transformation compared to children whose training involved non-symbolic numerical comparison only. Further exploratory analyses suggested that, although there were no major differences between children trained with verbal symbols (e.g., verbal counting) and non-verbal visuo-spatial symbols (i.e., abacus counting), the gains in one-to-one correspondence may have been driven by abacus training, while the gains in non-verbal arithmetic transformations may have been driven by verbal training. These results provide initial evidence that the introduction of symbols may contribute to the emergence of numeracy by enhancing the capacity for thinking about exact equality and the numerical effects of set transformations. More broadly, this study provides an empirical basis to motivate further focused study of the processes by which children's mastery of symbols influences children's developing mastery of numeracy.
format	article
author	Daniel C Hyde Yi Mou Ilaria Berteletti Elizabeth S Spelke Stanislas Dehaene Manuela Piazza
author_facet	Daniel C Hyde Yi Mou Ilaria Berteletti Elizabeth S Spelke Stanislas Dehaene Manuela Piazza
author_sort	Daniel C Hyde
title	Testing the role of symbols in preschool numeracy: An experimental computer-based intervention study.
title_short	Testing the role of symbols in preschool numeracy: An experimental computer-based intervention study.
title_full	Testing the role of symbols in preschool numeracy: An experimental computer-based intervention study.
title_fullStr	Testing the role of symbols in preschool numeracy: An experimental computer-based intervention study.
title_full_unstemmed	Testing the role of symbols in preschool numeracy: An experimental computer-based intervention study.
title_sort	testing the role of symbols in preschool numeracy: an experimental computer-based intervention study.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0c0ba67ba2e64a26ad3dc0f167037cf9
work_keys_str_mv	AT danielchyde testingtheroleofsymbolsinpreschoolnumeracyanexperimentalcomputerbasedinterventionstudy AT yimou testingtheroleofsymbolsinpreschoolnumeracyanexperimentalcomputerbasedinterventionstudy AT ilariaberteletti testingtheroleofsymbolsinpreschoolnumeracyanexperimentalcomputerbasedinterventionstudy AT elizabethsspelke testingtheroleofsymbolsinpreschoolnumeracyanexperimentalcomputerbasedinterventionstudy AT stanislasdehaene testingtheroleofsymbolsinpreschoolnumeracyanexperimentalcomputerbasedinterventionstudy AT manuelapiazza testingtheroleofsymbolsinpreschoolnumeracyanexperimentalcomputerbasedinterventionstudy
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Testing the role of symbols in preschool numeracy: An experimental computer-based intervention study.

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