Multilocus sequence typing as a replacement for serotyping in Salmonella enterica.

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica is traditionally subdivided into serovars by serological and nutritional characteristics. We used Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) to assign 4,257 isolates from 554 serovars to 1092 sequence types (STs). The majority of the isolates and many STs were grouped...

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Autores principales:	Mark Achtman, John Wain, François-Xavier Weill, Satheesh Nair, Zhemin Zhou, Vartul Sangal, Mary G Krauland, James L Hale, Heather Harbottle, Alexandra Uesbeck, Gordon Dougan, Lee H Harrison, Sylvain Brisse, S. Enterica MLST Study Group
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0d082dc45ff941849076236104913c84
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0d082dc45ff941849076236104913c842021-11-18T06:04:16ZMultilocus sequence typing as a replacement for serotyping in Salmonella enterica.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1002776https://doaj.org/article/0d082dc45ff941849076236104913c842012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22737074/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica is traditionally subdivided into serovars by serological and nutritional characteristics. We used Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) to assign 4,257 isolates from 554 serovars to 1092 sequence types (STs). The majority of the isolates and many STs were grouped into 138 genetically closely related clusters called eBurstGroups (eBGs). Many eBGs correspond to a serovar, for example most Typhimurium are in eBG1 and most Enteritidis are in eBG4, but many eBGs contained more than one serovar. Furthermore, most serovars were polyphyletic and are distributed across multiple unrelated eBGs. Thus, serovar designations confounded genetically unrelated isolates and failed to recognize natural evolutionary groupings. An inability of serotyping to correctly group isolates was most apparent for Paratyphi B and its variant Java. Most Paratyphi B were included within a sub-cluster of STs belonging to eBG5, which also encompasses a separate sub-cluster of Java STs. However, diphasic Java variants were also found in two other eBGs and monophasic Java variants were in four other eBGs or STs, one of which is in subspecies salamae and a second of which includes isolates assigned to Enteritidis, Dublin and monophasic Paratyphi B. Similarly, Choleraesuis was found in eBG6 and is closely related to Paratyphi C, which is in eBG20. However, Choleraesuis var. Decatur consists of isolates from seven other, unrelated eBGs or STs. The serological assignment of these Decatur isolates to Choleraesuis likely reflects lateral gene transfer of flagellar genes between unrelated bacteria plus purifying selection. By confounding multiple evolutionary groups, serotyping can be misleading about the disease potential of S. enterica. Unlike serotyping, MLST recognizes evolutionary groupings and we recommend that Salmonella classification by serotyping should be replaced by MLST or its equivalents.Mark AchtmanJohn WainFrançois-Xavier WeillSatheesh NairZhemin ZhouVartul SangalMary G KraulandJames L HaleHeather HarbottleAlexandra UesbeckGordon DouganLee H HarrisonSylvain BrisseS. Enterica MLST Study GroupPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 8, Iss 6, p e1002776 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Mark Achtman John Wain François-Xavier Weill Satheesh Nair Zhemin Zhou Vartul Sangal Mary G Krauland James L Hale Heather Harbottle Alexandra Uesbeck Gordon Dougan Lee H Harrison Sylvain Brisse S. Enterica MLST Study Group Multilocus sequence typing as a replacement for serotyping in Salmonella enterica.
description	Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica is traditionally subdivided into serovars by serological and nutritional characteristics. We used Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) to assign 4,257 isolates from 554 serovars to 1092 sequence types (STs). The majority of the isolates and many STs were grouped into 138 genetically closely related clusters called eBurstGroups (eBGs). Many eBGs correspond to a serovar, for example most Typhimurium are in eBG1 and most Enteritidis are in eBG4, but many eBGs contained more than one serovar. Furthermore, most serovars were polyphyletic and are distributed across multiple unrelated eBGs. Thus, serovar designations confounded genetically unrelated isolates and failed to recognize natural evolutionary groupings. An inability of serotyping to correctly group isolates was most apparent for Paratyphi B and its variant Java. Most Paratyphi B were included within a sub-cluster of STs belonging to eBG5, which also encompasses a separate sub-cluster of Java STs. However, diphasic Java variants were also found in two other eBGs and monophasic Java variants were in four other eBGs or STs, one of which is in subspecies salamae and a second of which includes isolates assigned to Enteritidis, Dublin and monophasic Paratyphi B. Similarly, Choleraesuis was found in eBG6 and is closely related to Paratyphi C, which is in eBG20. However, Choleraesuis var. Decatur consists of isolates from seven other, unrelated eBGs or STs. The serological assignment of these Decatur isolates to Choleraesuis likely reflects lateral gene transfer of flagellar genes between unrelated bacteria plus purifying selection. By confounding multiple evolutionary groups, serotyping can be misleading about the disease potential of S. enterica. Unlike serotyping, MLST recognizes evolutionary groupings and we recommend that Salmonella classification by serotyping should be replaced by MLST or its equivalents.
format	article
author	Mark Achtman John Wain François-Xavier Weill Satheesh Nair Zhemin Zhou Vartul Sangal Mary G Krauland James L Hale Heather Harbottle Alexandra Uesbeck Gordon Dougan Lee H Harrison Sylvain Brisse S. Enterica MLST Study Group
author_facet	Mark Achtman John Wain François-Xavier Weill Satheesh Nair Zhemin Zhou Vartul Sangal Mary G Krauland James L Hale Heather Harbottle Alexandra Uesbeck Gordon Dougan Lee H Harrison Sylvain Brisse S. Enterica MLST Study Group
author_sort	Mark Achtman
title	Multilocus sequence typing as a replacement for serotyping in Salmonella enterica.
title_short	Multilocus sequence typing as a replacement for serotyping in Salmonella enterica.
title_full	Multilocus sequence typing as a replacement for serotyping in Salmonella enterica.
title_fullStr	Multilocus sequence typing as a replacement for serotyping in Salmonella enterica.
title_full_unstemmed	Multilocus sequence typing as a replacement for serotyping in Salmonella enterica.
title_sort	multilocus sequence typing as a replacement for serotyping in salmonella enterica.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/0d082dc45ff941849076236104913c84
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Multilocus sequence typing as a replacement for serotyping in Salmonella enterica.

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