Temperature-induced changes in egg white antimicrobial concentrations during pre-incubation do not influence bacterial trans-shell penetration but do affect hatchling phenotype in Mallards

Microbiome formation and assemblage are essential processes influencing proper embryonal and early-life development in neonates. In birds, transmission of microbes from the outer environment into the egg’s interior has been found to shape embryo viability and hatchling phenotype. However, microbial...

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Autores principales:	Jana Svobodová, Jakub Kreisinger, Veronika Gvoždíková Javůrková
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	PeerJ Inc. 2021
Materias:	Albumen Antimicrobial proteins Embryo viability Microorganisms Bacterial penetration Incubation Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/13459283da3b4b029ef8a52fb2092a77
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:13459283da3b4b029ef8a52fb2092a772021-11-13T15:05:14ZTemperature-induced changes in egg white antimicrobial concentrations during pre-incubation do not influence bacterial trans-shell penetration but do affect hatchling phenotype in Mallards10.7717/peerj.124012167-8359https://doaj.org/article/13459283da3b4b029ef8a52fb2092a772021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://peerj.com/articles/12401.pdfhttps://peerj.com/articles/12401/https://doaj.org/toc/2167-8359Microbiome formation and assemblage are essential processes influencing proper embryonal and early-life development in neonates. In birds, transmission of microbes from the outer environment into the egg’s interior has been found to shape embryo viability and hatchling phenotype. However, microbial transmission may be affected by egg-white antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), whose concentration and antimicrobial action are temperature-modulated. As both partial incubation and clutch covering with nest-lining feathers during the pre-incubation period can significantly alter temperature conditions acting on eggs, we experimentally investigated the effects of these behavioural mechanisms on concentrations of both the primary and most abundant egg-white AMPs (lysozyme and avidin) using mallard (Anas platyrhychos) eggs. In addition, we assessed whether concentrations of egg-white AMPs altered the probability and intensity of bacterial trans-shell penetration, thereby affecting hatchling morphological traits in vivo. We observed higher concentrations of lysozyme in partially incubated eggs. Clutch covering with nest-lining feathers had no effect on egg-white AMP concentration and we observed no association between concentration of egg-white lysozyme and avidin with either the probability or intensity of bacterial trans-shell penetration. The higher egg-white lysozyme concentration was associated with decreased scaled body mass index of hatchlings. These outcomes demonstrate that incubation prior to clutch completion in precocial birds can alter concentrations of particular egg-white AMPs, though with no effect on bacterial transmission into the egg in vivo. Furthermore, a higher egg white lysozyme concentration compromised hatchling body condition, suggesting a potential growth-regulating role of lysozyme during embryogenesis in precocial birds.Jana SvobodováJakub KreisingerVeronika Gvoždíková JavůrkováPeerJ Inc.articleAlbumenAntimicrobial proteinsEmbryo viabilityMicroorganismsBacterial penetrationIncubationMedicineRENPeerJ, Vol 9, p e12401 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Albumen Antimicrobial proteins Embryo viability Microorganisms Bacterial penetration Incubation Medicine R
spellingShingle	Albumen Antimicrobial proteins Embryo viability Microorganisms Bacterial penetration Incubation Medicine R Jana Svobodová Jakub Kreisinger Veronika Gvoždíková Javůrková Temperature-induced changes in egg white antimicrobial concentrations during pre-incubation do not influence bacterial trans-shell penetration but do affect hatchling phenotype in Mallards
description	Microbiome formation and assemblage are essential processes influencing proper embryonal and early-life development in neonates. In birds, transmission of microbes from the outer environment into the egg’s interior has been found to shape embryo viability and hatchling phenotype. However, microbial transmission may be affected by egg-white antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), whose concentration and antimicrobial action are temperature-modulated. As both partial incubation and clutch covering with nest-lining feathers during the pre-incubation period can significantly alter temperature conditions acting on eggs, we experimentally investigated the effects of these behavioural mechanisms on concentrations of both the primary and most abundant egg-white AMPs (lysozyme and avidin) using mallard (Anas platyrhychos) eggs. In addition, we assessed whether concentrations of egg-white AMPs altered the probability and intensity of bacterial trans-shell penetration, thereby affecting hatchling morphological traits in vivo. We observed higher concentrations of lysozyme in partially incubated eggs. Clutch covering with nest-lining feathers had no effect on egg-white AMP concentration and we observed no association between concentration of egg-white lysozyme and avidin with either the probability or intensity of bacterial trans-shell penetration. The higher egg-white lysozyme concentration was associated with decreased scaled body mass index of hatchlings. These outcomes demonstrate that incubation prior to clutch completion in precocial birds can alter concentrations of particular egg-white AMPs, though with no effect on bacterial transmission into the egg in vivo. Furthermore, a higher egg white lysozyme concentration compromised hatchling body condition, suggesting a potential growth-regulating role of lysozyme during embryogenesis in precocial birds.
format	article
author	Jana Svobodová Jakub Kreisinger Veronika Gvoždíková Javůrková
author_facet	Jana Svobodová Jakub Kreisinger Veronika Gvoždíková Javůrková
author_sort	Jana Svobodová
title	Temperature-induced changes in egg white antimicrobial concentrations during pre-incubation do not influence bacterial trans-shell penetration but do affect hatchling phenotype in Mallards
title_short	Temperature-induced changes in egg white antimicrobial concentrations during pre-incubation do not influence bacterial trans-shell penetration but do affect hatchling phenotype in Mallards
title_full	Temperature-induced changes in egg white antimicrobial concentrations during pre-incubation do not influence bacterial trans-shell penetration but do affect hatchling phenotype in Mallards
title_fullStr	Temperature-induced changes in egg white antimicrobial concentrations during pre-incubation do not influence bacterial trans-shell penetration but do affect hatchling phenotype in Mallards
title_full_unstemmed	Temperature-induced changes in egg white antimicrobial concentrations during pre-incubation do not influence bacterial trans-shell penetration but do affect hatchling phenotype in Mallards
title_sort	temperature-induced changes in egg white antimicrobial concentrations during pre-incubation do not influence bacterial trans-shell penetration but do affect hatchling phenotype in mallards
publisher	PeerJ Inc.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/13459283da3b4b029ef8a52fb2092a77
work_keys_str_mv	AT janasvobodova temperatureinducedchangesineggwhiteantimicrobialconcentrationsduringpreincubationdonotinfluencebacterialtransshellpenetrationbutdoaffecthatchlingphenotypeinmallards AT jakubkreisinger temperatureinducedchangesineggwhiteantimicrobialconcentrationsduringpreincubationdonotinfluencebacterialtransshellpenetrationbutdoaffecthatchlingphenotypeinmallards AT veronikagvozdikovajavurkova temperatureinducedchangesineggwhiteantimicrobialconcentrationsduringpreincubationdonotinfluencebacterialtransshellpenetrationbutdoaffecthatchlingphenotypeinmallards
_version_	1718430238643322880

Temperature-induced changes in egg white antimicrobial concentrations during pre-incubation do not influence bacterial trans-shell penetration but do affect hatchling phenotype in Mallards

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