Impact of Spirulina corn soy blend on Iron deficient children aged 6–23 months in Ndhiwa Sub-County Kenya: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains high in Kenya despite interventions. Twenty-seven percent of children aged 6 months-14 years are anemic, with low iron intake (7%) among children aged 6–23 months. Standard food interventions involve a corn soy blend (CSB), which is limited in...

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Autores principales:	Dorothy Apondi Othoo, Sophie Ochola, Elizabeth Kuria, Judith Kimiywe
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Iron deficient children 6–23 months. Hematocrit. Randomized controlled trial. Intervention. Spirulina corn soy blend (SCSB) Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Food processing and manufacture TP368-456 Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/16e45a4aff824f61adc1ef06a4136cf3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:16e45a4aff824f61adc1ef06a4136cf32021-11-14T12:15:37ZImpact of Spirulina corn soy blend on Iron deficient children aged 6–23 months in Ndhiwa Sub-County Kenya: a randomized controlled trial10.1186/s40795-021-00472-w2055-0928https://doaj.org/article/16e45a4aff824f61adc1ef06a4136cf32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-021-00472-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2055-0928Abstract Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains high in Kenya despite interventions. Twenty-seven percent of children aged 6 months-14 years are anemic, with low iron intake (7%) among children aged 6–23 months. Standard food interventions involve a corn soy blend (CSB), which is limited in micronutrients, and fortifiers are not accessible locally. Moreover, the use of spirulina as a strategy for mitigating IDA has not been adequately documented. This study compared the impact of a spirulina corn soy blend (SCSB) on IDA among children aged 6–23 months. Methods A total of 240 children with IDA were randomly assigned to study groups at a ratio of 1:1:1 through lotteries, and caregivers and research assistants were blinded to group assignment. Dry-take-home SCSB, CSB and placebo flour (1.7 kg) was given to caregivers to prepare porridges using a flour water ratio of 1:4, producing 600 ml–700 ml of porridge to feed children 200 ml of porridge three times a day for 6 months. Impact was assessed as plasma hematocrit at baseline and after the study. Blood drawing, preparation and analysis were performed in accordance with approved procedures by the EthicsResearchCommittee. Monthly follow-up and data collection on dietary intake, anthropometry, morbidity and infant feeding practices were performed using questionnaires. Relative risk, magnitude of change and log-rank tests were used to compare the impact of the intervention, and significant differences were determined at P < 0.05. Results The survival probabilities for children consuming SCSB were significantly higher than those consuming CSB (log-rank-X2 = 0.978; CI: 0.954–1.033, P = 0.001) and the placebo (log-rankX2 = 0.971; CI: 0.943–0.984, P = 0.0001). Children consuming SCSB had a mean recovery time of 8 days (CI: 7–12 days) compared to those consuming CSB (19 days; CI: 20–23 days) and placebo (33 days; CI: 3 1–35 days). The recovery rate was 15.4 per 100 persons per day for children who consumed SCSB as opposed to 4.6 and 1.8 per 100 persons per day for those who consumed CSB and the placebo, respectively. Conclusion Management of IDA with SCSB compared to CSB and the placebo led to faster reversal and large numbers of recoveries from IDA. The recovery rates were above the World Health Organizations (WHO) minimums standards for food interventions. Efforts to realize high and faster recoveries from IDA should be heightened by fortifying CSB with spirulina powder.Dorothy Apondi OthooSophie OcholaElizabeth KuriaJudith KimiyweBMCarticleIron deficient children 6–23 months. Hematocrit. Randomized controlled trial. Intervention. Spirulina corn soy blend (SCSB)Nutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641Food processing and manufactureTP368-456Medicine (General)R5-920ENBMC Nutrition, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Iron deficient children 6–23 months. Hematocrit. Randomized controlled trial. Intervention. Spirulina corn soy blend (SCSB) Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Food processing and manufacture TP368-456 Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Iron deficient children 6–23 months. Hematocrit. Randomized controlled trial. Intervention. Spirulina corn soy blend (SCSB) Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Food processing and manufacture TP368-456 Medicine (General) R5-920 Dorothy Apondi Othoo Sophie Ochola Elizabeth Kuria Judith Kimiywe Impact of Spirulina corn soy blend on Iron deficient children aged 6–23 months in Ndhiwa Sub-County Kenya: a randomized controlled trial
description	Abstract Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains high in Kenya despite interventions. Twenty-seven percent of children aged 6 months-14 years are anemic, with low iron intake (7%) among children aged 6–23 months. Standard food interventions involve a corn soy blend (CSB), which is limited in micronutrients, and fortifiers are not accessible locally. Moreover, the use of spirulina as a strategy for mitigating IDA has not been adequately documented. This study compared the impact of a spirulina corn soy blend (SCSB) on IDA among children aged 6–23 months. Methods A total of 240 children with IDA were randomly assigned to study groups at a ratio of 1:1:1 through lotteries, and caregivers and research assistants were blinded to group assignment. Dry-take-home SCSB, CSB and placebo flour (1.7 kg) was given to caregivers to prepare porridges using a flour water ratio of 1:4, producing 600 ml–700 ml of porridge to feed children 200 ml of porridge three times a day for 6 months. Impact was assessed as plasma hematocrit at baseline and after the study. Blood drawing, preparation and analysis were performed in accordance with approved procedures by the EthicsResearchCommittee. Monthly follow-up and data collection on dietary intake, anthropometry, morbidity and infant feeding practices were performed using questionnaires. Relative risk, magnitude of change and log-rank tests were used to compare the impact of the intervention, and significant differences were determined at P < 0.05. Results The survival probabilities for children consuming SCSB were significantly higher than those consuming CSB (log-rank-X2 = 0.978; CI: 0.954–1.033, P = 0.001) and the placebo (log-rankX2 = 0.971; CI: 0.943–0.984, P = 0.0001). Children consuming SCSB had a mean recovery time of 8 days (CI: 7–12 days) compared to those consuming CSB (19 days; CI: 20–23 days) and placebo (33 days; CI: 3 1–35 days). The recovery rate was 15.4 per 100 persons per day for children who consumed SCSB as opposed to 4.6 and 1.8 per 100 persons per day for those who consumed CSB and the placebo, respectively. Conclusion Management of IDA with SCSB compared to CSB and the placebo led to faster reversal and large numbers of recoveries from IDA. The recovery rates were above the World Health Organizations (WHO) minimums standards for food interventions. Efforts to realize high and faster recoveries from IDA should be heightened by fortifying CSB with spirulina powder.
format	article
author	Dorothy Apondi Othoo Sophie Ochola Elizabeth Kuria Judith Kimiywe
author_facet	Dorothy Apondi Othoo Sophie Ochola Elizabeth Kuria Judith Kimiywe
author_sort	Dorothy Apondi Othoo
title	Impact of Spirulina corn soy blend on Iron deficient children aged 6–23 months in Ndhiwa Sub-County Kenya: a randomized controlled trial
title_short	Impact of Spirulina corn soy blend on Iron deficient children aged 6–23 months in Ndhiwa Sub-County Kenya: a randomized controlled trial
title_full	Impact of Spirulina corn soy blend on Iron deficient children aged 6–23 months in Ndhiwa Sub-County Kenya: a randomized controlled trial
title_fullStr	Impact of Spirulina corn soy blend on Iron deficient children aged 6–23 months in Ndhiwa Sub-County Kenya: a randomized controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of Spirulina corn soy blend on Iron deficient children aged 6–23 months in Ndhiwa Sub-County Kenya: a randomized controlled trial
title_sort	impact of spirulina corn soy blend on iron deficient children aged 6–23 months in ndhiwa sub-county kenya: a randomized controlled trial
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/16e45a4aff824f61adc1ef06a4136cf3
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Impact of Spirulina corn soy blend on Iron deficient children aged 6–23 months in Ndhiwa Sub-County Kenya: a randomized controlled trial

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