Solar E-Cooking with Low-Power Solar Home Systems for Sub-Saharan Africa

The e-cooking feasibility was evaluated for two of the main staple foods across rural Sub-Saharan Africa (rice and maize porridge) considering basic solar home systems (SHS) of 100–150 W and using inexpensive market available low-power DC cooking devices (rice cooker and slow cooker). The coverage o...

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Autores principales:	Fernando Antonanzas-Torres, Ruben Urraca, Camilo Andres Cortes Guerrero, Julio Blanco-Fernandez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	e-cooking Sub-Saharan Africa solar home system low-power cookers Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/17fdf72b79934497bf36fd256f822309
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:17fdf72b79934497bf36fd256f822309
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:17fdf72b79934497bf36fd256f8223092021-11-11T19:48:46ZSolar E-Cooking with Low-Power Solar Home Systems for Sub-Saharan Africa10.3390/su1321122412071-1050https://doaj.org/article/17fdf72b79934497bf36fd256f8223092021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/12241https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050The e-cooking feasibility was evaluated for two of the main staple foods across rural Sub-Saharan Africa (rice and maize porridge) considering basic solar home systems (SHS) of 100–150 W and using inexpensive market available low-power DC cooking devices (rice cooker and slow cooker). The coverage of e-cooking necessities was spatially evaluated for the African continent considering households of two, five, and eight people. While households of two people were able to be covered >95% of the days, the increase in e-cooking necessities implied that only larger PV generators (150 W) located in high irradiation sites (>2400 kWh/m<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>/year) were able to fulfill e-cooking, even in scenarios of households of five and eight people. Furthermore, the economic cost and the greenhouse gases emission factor (GHG) of e-cooking via small SHS were evaluated and benchmarked against traditional technologies with wood and charcoal considering three-stone and improved stoves and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookers. The GHG for e-cooking was 0.027–0.052 kgCO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>eq./kg·meal, which was strikingly lower than the other technologies (0.502–2.42 kgCO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>eq./kg·meal). The e-cooking cost was in the range of EUR 0.022–0.078 person/day, which was clearly lower than LPG and within the range of the cost of cooking with wood and charcoal (EUR 0.02–0.48 person/day). The results provided a novel insight regarding market available technologies with a potential of changing cooking conditions in this region.Fernando Antonanzas-TorresRuben UrracaCamilo Andres Cortes GuerreroJulio Blanco-FernandezMDPI AGarticlee-cookingSub-Saharan Africasolar home systemlow-power cookersEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12241, p 12241 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	e-cooking Sub-Saharan Africa solar home system low-power cookers Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	e-cooking Sub-Saharan Africa solar home system low-power cookers Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Fernando Antonanzas-Torres Ruben Urraca Camilo Andres Cortes Guerrero Julio Blanco-Fernandez Solar E-Cooking with Low-Power Solar Home Systems for Sub-Saharan Africa
description	The e-cooking feasibility was evaluated for two of the main staple foods across rural Sub-Saharan Africa (rice and maize porridge) considering basic solar home systems (SHS) of 100–150 W and using inexpensive market available low-power DC cooking devices (rice cooker and slow cooker). The coverage of e-cooking necessities was spatially evaluated for the African continent considering households of two, five, and eight people. While households of two people were able to be covered >95% of the days, the increase in e-cooking necessities implied that only larger PV generators (150 W) located in high irradiation sites (>2400 kWh/m<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>/year) were able to fulfill e-cooking, even in scenarios of households of five and eight people. Furthermore, the economic cost and the greenhouse gases emission factor (GHG) of e-cooking via small SHS were evaluated and benchmarked against traditional technologies with wood and charcoal considering three-stone and improved stoves and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookers. The GHG for e-cooking was 0.027–0.052 kgCO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>eq./kg·meal, which was strikingly lower than the other technologies (0.502–2.42 kgCO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>eq./kg·meal). The e-cooking cost was in the range of EUR 0.022–0.078 person/day, which was clearly lower than LPG and within the range of the cost of cooking with wood and charcoal (EUR 0.02–0.48 person/day). The results provided a novel insight regarding market available technologies with a potential of changing cooking conditions in this region.
format	article
author	Fernando Antonanzas-Torres Ruben Urraca Camilo Andres Cortes Guerrero Julio Blanco-Fernandez
author_facet	Fernando Antonanzas-Torres Ruben Urraca Camilo Andres Cortes Guerrero Julio Blanco-Fernandez
author_sort	Fernando Antonanzas-Torres
title	Solar E-Cooking with Low-Power Solar Home Systems for Sub-Saharan Africa
title_short	Solar E-Cooking with Low-Power Solar Home Systems for Sub-Saharan Africa
title_full	Solar E-Cooking with Low-Power Solar Home Systems for Sub-Saharan Africa
title_fullStr	Solar E-Cooking with Low-Power Solar Home Systems for Sub-Saharan Africa
title_full_unstemmed	Solar E-Cooking with Low-Power Solar Home Systems for Sub-Saharan Africa
title_sort	solar e-cooking with low-power solar home systems for sub-saharan africa
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/17fdf72b79934497bf36fd256f822309
work_keys_str_mv	AT fernandoantonanzastorres solarecookingwithlowpowersolarhomesystemsforsubsaharanafrica AT rubenurraca solarecookingwithlowpowersolarhomesystemsforsubsaharanafrica AT camiloandrescortesguerrero solarecookingwithlowpowersolarhomesystemsforsubsaharanafrica AT julioblancofernandez solarecookingwithlowpowersolarhomesystemsforsubsaharanafrica
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Solar E-Cooking with Low-Power Solar Home Systems for Sub-Saharan Africa

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