Growth, Yield, Quality, and Phytochemical Behavior of Three Cultivars of Quinoa in Response to Moringa and <i>Azolla</i> Extracts under Organic Farming Conditions

Increased demand for quinoa as a functional food has resulted in more quinoa-growing areas and initiatives to increase grain production, particularly in organic agriculture. Quinoa seeds are a superfood with incredible nutritional benefits. They are abundant in secondary metabolites with significant...

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Autores principales:	Rasha S. El-Serafy, Abdel-Nasser A. El-Sheshtawy, Usama A. Abd El-Razek, Ahmed F. Abd El-Hakim, Mostafa M. A. Hasham, Rokayya Sami, Ebtihal Khojah, Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	quinoa <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd cultivars moringa leaf extract <i>Azolla</i> extract organic farming Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1a8b8d2cf733449dba8d1369e61577f9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1a8b8d2cf733449dba8d1369e61577f92021-11-25T16:05:48ZGrowth, Yield, Quality, and Phytochemical Behavior of Three Cultivars of Quinoa in Response to Moringa and <i>Azolla</i> Extracts under Organic Farming Conditions10.3390/agronomy111121862073-4395https://doaj.org/article/1a8b8d2cf733449dba8d1369e61577f92021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2186https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395Increased demand for quinoa as a functional food has resulted in more quinoa-growing areas and initiatives to increase grain production, particularly in organic agriculture. Quinoa seeds are a superfood with incredible nutritional benefits. They are abundant in secondary metabolites with significant medicinal activity. This report was consequently performed to investigate whether <i>Azolla fliculoides</i> (AE) or moringa leaf extract (MLE) foliar spray can be supplemented as organic extracts to enhance quinoa growth and productivity under organic farming. Three quinoa cultivars, KVL–SRA2 (C1), Chipaya (C2), and Q–37 (C3), were grown organically and subjected to foliar spraying with AE or MLE at a 20% ratio, as well as their combination (AE+MLE). Plant performance of the three cultivars was significantly enhanced by MLE or AE applications as compared with control plants. The highest outputs were obtained by AE+MLE treatment, which significantly increased the seed yield by about 29% as compared with untreated plants. Seed quality exhibited a marked increase in response to AE+MLE that was superior in this regard as it showed higher protein, carbohydrates, saponine, tannins, phenolics, and flavonoids content. The C3-cultivar demonstrated the highest productivity, saponine, and flavonoids levels as compared to the other cultivars. Overall, the current study indicated that foliar spray with AE+MLE could enhance growth and productivity as well as quality and pharmaceutical active ingredients of quinoa cultivars grown under farming conditions.Rasha S. El-SerafyAbdel-Nasser A. El-SheshtawyUsama A. Abd El-RazekAhmed F. Abd El-HakimMostafa M. A. HashamRokayya SamiEbtihal KhojahAmina A. M. Al-MushhinMDPI AGarticlequinoa<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willdcultivarsmoringa leaf extract<i>Azolla</i> extractorganic farmingAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2186, p 2186 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	quinoa <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd cultivars moringa leaf extract <i>Azolla</i> extract organic farming Agriculture S
spellingShingle	quinoa <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd cultivars moringa leaf extract <i>Azolla</i> extract organic farming Agriculture S Rasha S. El-Serafy Abdel-Nasser A. El-Sheshtawy Usama A. Abd El-Razek Ahmed F. Abd El-Hakim Mostafa M. A. Hasham Rokayya Sami Ebtihal Khojah Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin Growth, Yield, Quality, and Phytochemical Behavior of Three Cultivars of Quinoa in Response to Moringa and <i>Azolla</i> Extracts under Organic Farming Conditions
description	Increased demand for quinoa as a functional food has resulted in more quinoa-growing areas and initiatives to increase grain production, particularly in organic agriculture. Quinoa seeds are a superfood with incredible nutritional benefits. They are abundant in secondary metabolites with significant medicinal activity. This report was consequently performed to investigate whether <i>Azolla fliculoides</i> (AE) or moringa leaf extract (MLE) foliar spray can be supplemented as organic extracts to enhance quinoa growth and productivity under organic farming. Three quinoa cultivars, KVL–SRA2 (C1), Chipaya (C2), and Q–37 (C3), were grown organically and subjected to foliar spraying with AE or MLE at a 20% ratio, as well as their combination (AE+MLE). Plant performance of the three cultivars was significantly enhanced by MLE or AE applications as compared with control plants. The highest outputs were obtained by AE+MLE treatment, which significantly increased the seed yield by about 29% as compared with untreated plants. Seed quality exhibited a marked increase in response to AE+MLE that was superior in this regard as it showed higher protein, carbohydrates, saponine, tannins, phenolics, and flavonoids content. The C3-cultivar demonstrated the highest productivity, saponine, and flavonoids levels as compared to the other cultivars. Overall, the current study indicated that foliar spray with AE+MLE could enhance growth and productivity as well as quality and pharmaceutical active ingredients of quinoa cultivars grown under farming conditions.
format	article
author	Rasha S. El-Serafy Abdel-Nasser A. El-Sheshtawy Usama A. Abd El-Razek Ahmed F. Abd El-Hakim Mostafa M. A. Hasham Rokayya Sami Ebtihal Khojah Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin
author_facet	Rasha S. El-Serafy Abdel-Nasser A. El-Sheshtawy Usama A. Abd El-Razek Ahmed F. Abd El-Hakim Mostafa M. A. Hasham Rokayya Sami Ebtihal Khojah Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin
author_sort	Rasha S. El-Serafy
title	Growth, Yield, Quality, and Phytochemical Behavior of Three Cultivars of Quinoa in Response to Moringa and <i>Azolla</i> Extracts under Organic Farming Conditions
title_short	Growth, Yield, Quality, and Phytochemical Behavior of Three Cultivars of Quinoa in Response to Moringa and <i>Azolla</i> Extracts under Organic Farming Conditions
title_full	Growth, Yield, Quality, and Phytochemical Behavior of Three Cultivars of Quinoa in Response to Moringa and <i>Azolla</i> Extracts under Organic Farming Conditions
title_fullStr	Growth, Yield, Quality, and Phytochemical Behavior of Three Cultivars of Quinoa in Response to Moringa and <i>Azolla</i> Extracts under Organic Farming Conditions
title_full_unstemmed	Growth, Yield, Quality, and Phytochemical Behavior of Three Cultivars of Quinoa in Response to Moringa and <i>Azolla</i> Extracts under Organic Farming Conditions
title_sort	growth, yield, quality, and phytochemical behavior of three cultivars of quinoa in response to moringa and <i>azolla</i> extracts under organic farming conditions
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1a8b8d2cf733449dba8d1369e61577f9
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Growth, Yield, Quality, and Phytochemical Behavior of Three Cultivars of Quinoa in Response to Moringa and <i>Azolla</i> Extracts under Organic Farming Conditions

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