Enhanced PDR-BLE Compensation Mechanism Based on HMM and AWCLA for Improving Indoor Localization

This paper presents an enhanced PDR-BLE compensation mechanism for improving indoor localization, which is considerably resilient against variant uncertainties. The proposed method of ePDR-BLE compensation mechanism (EPBCM) takes advantage of the non-requirement of linearization of the system around...

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Autores principales:	Harun Jamil, Faiza Qayyum, Faisal Jamil, Do-Hyeun Kim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ePDR-BLE compensation mechanism (EPBCM) unscented Kalman filter (UKF) Kalman filter (KF) received signal strength indicator (RSSI) hidden Markov model (HMM) Bluetooth low energy (BLE) Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1c5b5288f375432aa5d6128cb83e1944
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1c5b5288f375432aa5d6128cb83e19442021-11-11T19:01:16ZEnhanced PDR-BLE Compensation Mechanism Based on HMM and AWCLA for Improving Indoor Localization10.3390/s212169721424-8220https://doaj.org/article/1c5b5288f375432aa5d6128cb83e19442021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/6972https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220This paper presents an enhanced PDR-BLE compensation mechanism for improving indoor localization, which is considerably resilient against variant uncertainties. The proposed method of ePDR-BLE compensation mechanism (EPBCM) takes advantage of the non-requirement of linearization of the system around its current state in an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and Kalman filter (KF) in smoothing of received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values. In this paper, a fusion of conflicting information and the activity detection approach of an object in an indoor environment contemplates varying magnitude of accelerometer values based on the hidden Markov model (HMM). On the estimated orientation, the proposed approach remunerates the inadvertent body acceleration and magnetic distortion sensor data. Moreover, EPBCM can precisely calculate the velocity and position by reducing the position drift, which gives rise to a fault in zero-velocity and heading error. The developed EPBCM localization algorithm using Bluetooth low energy beacons (BLE) was applied and analyzed in an indoor environment. The experiments conducted in an indoor scenario shows the results of various activities performed by the object and achieves better orientation estimation, zero velocity measurements, and high position accuracy than other methods in the literature.Harun JamilFaiza QayyumFaisal JamilDo-Hyeun KimMDPI AGarticleePDR-BLE compensation mechanism (EPBCM)unscented Kalman filter (UKF)Kalman filter (KF)received signal strength indicator (RSSI)hidden Markov model (HMM)Bluetooth low energy (BLE)Chemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 6972, p 6972 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ePDR-BLE compensation mechanism (EPBCM) unscented Kalman filter (UKF) Kalman filter (KF) received signal strength indicator (RSSI) hidden Markov model (HMM) Bluetooth low energy (BLE) Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	ePDR-BLE compensation mechanism (EPBCM) unscented Kalman filter (UKF) Kalman filter (KF) received signal strength indicator (RSSI) hidden Markov model (HMM) Bluetooth low energy (BLE) Chemical technology TP1-1185 Harun Jamil Faiza Qayyum Faisal Jamil Do-Hyeun Kim Enhanced PDR-BLE Compensation Mechanism Based on HMM and AWCLA for Improving Indoor Localization
description	This paper presents an enhanced PDR-BLE compensation mechanism for improving indoor localization, which is considerably resilient against variant uncertainties. The proposed method of ePDR-BLE compensation mechanism (EPBCM) takes advantage of the non-requirement of linearization of the system around its current state in an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and Kalman filter (KF) in smoothing of received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values. In this paper, a fusion of conflicting information and the activity detection approach of an object in an indoor environment contemplates varying magnitude of accelerometer values based on the hidden Markov model (HMM). On the estimated orientation, the proposed approach remunerates the inadvertent body acceleration and magnetic distortion sensor data. Moreover, EPBCM can precisely calculate the velocity and position by reducing the position drift, which gives rise to a fault in zero-velocity and heading error. The developed EPBCM localization algorithm using Bluetooth low energy beacons (BLE) was applied and analyzed in an indoor environment. The experiments conducted in an indoor scenario shows the results of various activities performed by the object and achieves better orientation estimation, zero velocity measurements, and high position accuracy than other methods in the literature.
format	article
author	Harun Jamil Faiza Qayyum Faisal Jamil Do-Hyeun Kim
author_facet	Harun Jamil Faiza Qayyum Faisal Jamil Do-Hyeun Kim
author_sort	Harun Jamil
title	Enhanced PDR-BLE Compensation Mechanism Based on HMM and AWCLA for Improving Indoor Localization
title_short	Enhanced PDR-BLE Compensation Mechanism Based on HMM and AWCLA for Improving Indoor Localization
title_full	Enhanced PDR-BLE Compensation Mechanism Based on HMM and AWCLA for Improving Indoor Localization
title_fullStr	Enhanced PDR-BLE Compensation Mechanism Based on HMM and AWCLA for Improving Indoor Localization
title_full_unstemmed	Enhanced PDR-BLE Compensation Mechanism Based on HMM and AWCLA for Improving Indoor Localization
title_sort	enhanced pdr-ble compensation mechanism based on hmm and awcla for improving indoor localization
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1c5b5288f375432aa5d6128cb83e1944
work_keys_str_mv	AT harunjamil enhancedpdrblecompensationmechanismbasedonhmmandawclaforimprovingindoorlocalization AT faizaqayyum enhancedpdrblecompensationmechanismbasedonhmmandawclaforimprovingindoorlocalization AT faisaljamil enhancedpdrblecompensationmechanismbasedonhmmandawclaforimprovingindoorlocalization AT dohyeunkim enhancedpdrblecompensationmechanismbasedonhmmandawclaforimprovingindoorlocalization
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Enhanced PDR-BLE Compensation Mechanism Based on HMM and AWCLA for Improving Indoor Localization

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