Cross-Reactive Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in Pre-COVID-19 Blood Samples from Sierra Leoneans
Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have experienced lower COVID-19 caseloads and fewer deaths than countries in other regions worldwide. Under-reporting of cases and a younger population could partly account for these differences, but pre-existing immunity to coronaviruses is another potential fac...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:27d9109965114b0bbc7de5dfd8613f6a2021-11-25T19:14:35ZCross-Reactive Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in Pre-COVID-19 Blood Samples from Sierra Leoneans10.3390/v131123251999-4915https://doaj.org/article/27d9109965114b0bbc7de5dfd8613f6a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2325https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have experienced lower COVID-19 caseloads and fewer deaths than countries in other regions worldwide. Under-reporting of cases and a younger population could partly account for these differences, but pre-existing immunity to coronaviruses is another potential factor. Blood samples from Sierra Leonean Lassa fever and Ebola survivors and their contacts collected before the first reported COVID-19 cases were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the presence of antibodies binding to proteins of coronaviruses that infect humans. Results were compared to COVID-19 subjects and healthy blood donors from the United States. Prior to the pandemic, Sierra Leoneans had more frequent exposures than Americans to coronaviruses with epitopes that cross-react with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV, and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The percentage of Sierra Leoneans with antibodies reacting to seasonal coronaviruses was also higher than for American blood donors. Serological responses to coronaviruses by Sierra Leoneans did not differ by age or sex. Approximately a quarter of Sierra Leonian pre-pandemic blood samples had neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, while about a third neutralized MERS-CoV pseudovirus. Prior exposures to coronaviruses that induce cross-protective immunity may contribute to reduced COVID-19 cases and deaths in Sierra Leone.Rodrigo BorregaDiana K. S. NelsonAnatoliy P. KovalNell G. BondMegan L. HeinrichMegan M. RowlandRaju LathigraDuane J. BushIrina AimukanovaWhitney N. PhinneySophia A. KovalAndrew R. HoffmannAllison R. SmitherAntoinette R. Bell-KareemLilia I. MelnikKaylynn J. GenemarasKarissa ChaoPatricia SnarskiAlexandra B. MeltonJaikin E. HarrellAshley A. SmiraDebra H. ElliottJulie A. RouelleGilberto Sabino-SantosArnaud C. DrouinMambu MomohJohn Demby SandiAugustine GobaRobert J. SamuelsLansana KannehMichael GbakieZoe L. BrancoJeffrey G. ShafferJohn S. SchieffelinJames E. RobinsonDahlene N. FuscoPardis C. SabetiKristian G. AndersenDonald S. GrantMatthew L. BoisenLuis M. BrancoRobert F. GarryMDPI AGarticleCOVID-19 caseloads and deathssub-Saharan Africapre-existing immunity to coronavirusesrecombinant antigensenzyme-linked immunosorbent assayspseudovirus neutralizing antibodiesMicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2325, p 2325 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
COVID-19 caseloads and deaths sub-Saharan Africa pre-existing immunity to coronaviruses recombinant antigens enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays pseudovirus neutralizing antibodies Microbiology QR1-502 |
| spellingShingle |
COVID-19 caseloads and deaths sub-Saharan Africa pre-existing immunity to coronaviruses recombinant antigens enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays pseudovirus neutralizing antibodies Microbiology QR1-502 Rodrigo Borrega Diana K. S. Nelson Anatoliy P. Koval Nell G. Bond Megan L. Heinrich Megan M. Rowland Raju Lathigra Duane J. Bush Irina Aimukanova Whitney N. Phinney Sophia A. Koval Andrew R. Hoffmann Allison R. Smither Antoinette R. Bell-Kareem Lilia I. Melnik Kaylynn J. Genemaras Karissa Chao Patricia Snarski Alexandra B. Melton Jaikin E. Harrell Ashley A. Smira Debra H. Elliott Julie A. Rouelle Gilberto Sabino-Santos Arnaud C. Drouin Mambu Momoh John Demby Sandi Augustine Goba Robert J. Samuels Lansana Kanneh Michael Gbakie Zoe L. Branco Jeffrey G. Shaffer John S. Schieffelin James E. Robinson Dahlene N. Fusco Pardis C. Sabeti Kristian G. Andersen Donald S. Grant Matthew L. Boisen Luis M. Branco Robert F. Garry Cross-Reactive Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in Pre-COVID-19 Blood Samples from Sierra Leoneans |
| description |
Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have experienced lower COVID-19 caseloads and fewer deaths than countries in other regions worldwide. Under-reporting of cases and a younger population could partly account for these differences, but pre-existing immunity to coronaviruses is another potential factor. Blood samples from Sierra Leonean Lassa fever and Ebola survivors and their contacts collected before the first reported COVID-19 cases were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the presence of antibodies binding to proteins of coronaviruses that infect humans. Results were compared to COVID-19 subjects and healthy blood donors from the United States. Prior to the pandemic, Sierra Leoneans had more frequent exposures than Americans to coronaviruses with epitopes that cross-react with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV, and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The percentage of Sierra Leoneans with antibodies reacting to seasonal coronaviruses was also higher than for American blood donors. Serological responses to coronaviruses by Sierra Leoneans did not differ by age or sex. Approximately a quarter of Sierra Leonian pre-pandemic blood samples had neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, while about a third neutralized MERS-CoV pseudovirus. Prior exposures to coronaviruses that induce cross-protective immunity may contribute to reduced COVID-19 cases and deaths in Sierra Leone. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Rodrigo Borrega Diana K. S. Nelson Anatoliy P. Koval Nell G. Bond Megan L. Heinrich Megan M. Rowland Raju Lathigra Duane J. Bush Irina Aimukanova Whitney N. Phinney Sophia A. Koval Andrew R. Hoffmann Allison R. Smither Antoinette R. Bell-Kareem Lilia I. Melnik Kaylynn J. Genemaras Karissa Chao Patricia Snarski Alexandra B. Melton Jaikin E. Harrell Ashley A. Smira Debra H. Elliott Julie A. Rouelle Gilberto Sabino-Santos Arnaud C. Drouin Mambu Momoh John Demby Sandi Augustine Goba Robert J. Samuels Lansana Kanneh Michael Gbakie Zoe L. Branco Jeffrey G. Shaffer John S. Schieffelin James E. Robinson Dahlene N. Fusco Pardis C. Sabeti Kristian G. Andersen Donald S. Grant Matthew L. Boisen Luis M. Branco Robert F. Garry |
| author_facet |
Rodrigo Borrega Diana K. S. Nelson Anatoliy P. Koval Nell G. Bond Megan L. Heinrich Megan M. Rowland Raju Lathigra Duane J. Bush Irina Aimukanova Whitney N. Phinney Sophia A. Koval Andrew R. Hoffmann Allison R. Smither Antoinette R. Bell-Kareem Lilia I. Melnik Kaylynn J. Genemaras Karissa Chao Patricia Snarski Alexandra B. Melton Jaikin E. Harrell Ashley A. Smira Debra H. Elliott Julie A. Rouelle Gilberto Sabino-Santos Arnaud C. Drouin Mambu Momoh John Demby Sandi Augustine Goba Robert J. Samuels Lansana Kanneh Michael Gbakie Zoe L. Branco Jeffrey G. Shaffer John S. Schieffelin James E. Robinson Dahlene N. Fusco Pardis C. Sabeti Kristian G. Andersen Donald S. Grant Matthew L. Boisen Luis M. Branco Robert F. Garry |
| author_sort |
Rodrigo Borrega |
| title |
Cross-Reactive Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in Pre-COVID-19 Blood Samples from Sierra Leoneans |
| title_short |
Cross-Reactive Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in Pre-COVID-19 Blood Samples from Sierra Leoneans |
| title_full |
Cross-Reactive Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in Pre-COVID-19 Blood Samples from Sierra Leoneans |
| title_fullStr |
Cross-Reactive Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in Pre-COVID-19 Blood Samples from Sierra Leoneans |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Cross-Reactive Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in Pre-COVID-19 Blood Samples from Sierra Leoneans |
| title_sort |
cross-reactive antibodies to sars-cov-2 and mers-cov in pre-covid-19 blood samples from sierra leoneans |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/27d9109965114b0bbc7de5dfd8613f6a |
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