Antioxidant and Starch-Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory Properties of <i>Striga</i>-Resistant Yellow-Orange Maize Hybrids

Most of the health benefits derived from cereals are attributed to their bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the levels of the bioactive compounds, and the antioxidant and starch-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory properties of six pipeline <i>Striga</i>-resistant yellow-orange maize h...

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Autores principales:	Abdulazeez Olamilekan Elemosho, Emmanuel Anyachukwu Irondi, Emmanuel Oladeji Alamu, Emmanuel Oladipo Ajani, Abebe Menkir, Busie Maziya-Dixon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	total phenolics total flavonoids tannins carotenoids phytic acid alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2eba03b48b184d2a90800689c563b0b6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2eba03b48b184d2a90800689c563b0b62021-11-25T18:28:00ZAntioxidant and Starch-Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory Properties of <i>Striga</i>-Resistant Yellow-Orange Maize Hybrids10.3390/molecules262268741420-3049https://doaj.org/article/2eba03b48b184d2a90800689c563b0b62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6874https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049Most of the health benefits derived from cereals are attributed to their bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the levels of the bioactive compounds, and the antioxidant and starch-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory properties of six pipeline <i>Striga</i>-resistant yellow-orange maize hybrids (coded AS1828-1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11) in vitro. The maize hybrids were grown at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria. The bioactive compounds (total phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, and phytate) levels, antioxidant (DPPH<sup>•</sup> and ABTS<sup>•+</sup> scavenging capacity and reducing power) and starch-hydrolyzing enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) inhibitory activities of the maize hybrids were determined by spectrophotometry. At the same time, carotenoids were quantified using a reverse-phase HPLC system. The ranges of the bioactive compounds were: 11.25–14.14 mg GAE/g (total phenolics), 3.62–4.67 mg QE/g (total flavonoids), 3.63–6.29 mg/g (tannins), 3.66–4.31% (phytate), 8.92–12.11 µg/g (total xanthophylls), 2.42–2.89 µg/g (total β-carotene), and 3.17–3.77 µg/g (total provitamin A carotenoids). Extracts of the maize hybrids scavenged DPPH<sup>•</sup> (SC<sub>50</sub>: 9.07–26.35 mg/mL) and ABTS<sup>•+</sup> (2.65–7.68 TEAC mmol/g), reduced Fe<sup>3+</sup> to Fe<sup>2+</sup> (0.25 ± 0.64–0.43 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g), and inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC<sub>50</sub> ranges of 26.28–52.55 mg/mL and 47.72–63.98 mg/mL, respectively. Among the six clones of the maize hybrids, AS1828-9 had the highest (<i>p</i> < 0.05) levels of tannins and phytate and the strongest antioxidant and starch-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory activities. Significant correlations were observed between total phenolics and the following: ABTS<sup>•+</sup> (<i>p</i> < 0.01, r = 0.757), DPPH<sup>•</sup> SC<sub>50</sub> (<i>p</i> < 0.01, r = −0.867), reducing power (<i>p</i> < 0.05, r = 0.633), α-amylase IC<sub>50</sub> (<i>p</i> < 0.01, r = −0.836) and α-glucosidase IC<sub>50</sub> (<i>p</i> < 0.05, r = −0.582). Hence, the <i>Striga</i>-resistant yellow-orange maize hybrids (especially AS1828-9) may be beneficial for alleviating oxidative stress and postprandial hyperglycemia.Abdulazeez Olamilekan ElemoshoEmmanuel Anyachukwu IrondiEmmanuel Oladeji AlamuEmmanuel Oladipo AjaniAbebe MenkirBusie Maziya-DixonMDPI AGarticletotal phenolicstotal flavonoidstanninscarotenoidsphytic acidalpha-glucosidase inhibition assayOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6874, p 6874 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	total phenolics total flavonoids tannins carotenoids phytic acid alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	total phenolics total flavonoids tannins carotenoids phytic acid alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay Organic chemistry QD241-441 Abdulazeez Olamilekan Elemosho Emmanuel Anyachukwu Irondi Emmanuel Oladeji Alamu Emmanuel Oladipo Ajani Abebe Menkir Busie Maziya-Dixon Antioxidant and Starch-Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory Properties of <i>Striga</i>-Resistant Yellow-Orange Maize Hybrids
description	Most of the health benefits derived from cereals are attributed to their bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the levels of the bioactive compounds, and the antioxidant and starch-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory properties of six pipeline <i>Striga</i>-resistant yellow-orange maize hybrids (coded AS1828-1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11) in vitro. The maize hybrids were grown at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria. The bioactive compounds (total phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, and phytate) levels, antioxidant (DPPH<sup>•</sup> and ABTS<sup>•+</sup> scavenging capacity and reducing power) and starch-hydrolyzing enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) inhibitory activities of the maize hybrids were determined by spectrophotometry. At the same time, carotenoids were quantified using a reverse-phase HPLC system. The ranges of the bioactive compounds were: 11.25–14.14 mg GAE/g (total phenolics), 3.62–4.67 mg QE/g (total flavonoids), 3.63–6.29 mg/g (tannins), 3.66–4.31% (phytate), 8.92–12.11 µg/g (total xanthophylls), 2.42–2.89 µg/g (total β-carotene), and 3.17–3.77 µg/g (total provitamin A carotenoids). Extracts of the maize hybrids scavenged DPPH<sup>•</sup> (SC<sub>50</sub>: 9.07–26.35 mg/mL) and ABTS<sup>•+</sup> (2.65–7.68 TEAC mmol/g), reduced Fe<sup>3+</sup> to Fe<sup>2+</sup> (0.25 ± 0.64–0.43 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g), and inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC<sub>50</sub> ranges of 26.28–52.55 mg/mL and 47.72–63.98 mg/mL, respectively. Among the six clones of the maize hybrids, AS1828-9 had the highest (<i>p</i> < 0.05) levels of tannins and phytate and the strongest antioxidant and starch-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory activities. Significant correlations were observed between total phenolics and the following: ABTS<sup>•+</sup> (<i>p</i> < 0.01, r = 0.757), DPPH<sup>•</sup> SC<sub>50</sub> (<i>p</i> < 0.01, r = −0.867), reducing power (<i>p</i> < 0.05, r = 0.633), α-amylase IC<sub>50</sub> (<i>p</i> < 0.01, r = −0.836) and α-glucosidase IC<sub>50</sub> (<i>p</i> < 0.05, r = −0.582). Hence, the <i>Striga</i>-resistant yellow-orange maize hybrids (especially AS1828-9) may be beneficial for alleviating oxidative stress and postprandial hyperglycemia.
format	article
author	Abdulazeez Olamilekan Elemosho Emmanuel Anyachukwu Irondi Emmanuel Oladeji Alamu Emmanuel Oladipo Ajani Abebe Menkir Busie Maziya-Dixon
author_facet	Abdulazeez Olamilekan Elemosho Emmanuel Anyachukwu Irondi Emmanuel Oladeji Alamu Emmanuel Oladipo Ajani Abebe Menkir Busie Maziya-Dixon
author_sort	Abdulazeez Olamilekan Elemosho
title	Antioxidant and Starch-Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory Properties of <i>Striga</i>-Resistant Yellow-Orange Maize Hybrids
title_short	Antioxidant and Starch-Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory Properties of <i>Striga</i>-Resistant Yellow-Orange Maize Hybrids
title_full	Antioxidant and Starch-Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory Properties of <i>Striga</i>-Resistant Yellow-Orange Maize Hybrids
title_fullStr	Antioxidant and Starch-Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory Properties of <i>Striga</i>-Resistant Yellow-Orange Maize Hybrids
title_full_unstemmed	Antioxidant and Starch-Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory Properties of <i>Striga</i>-Resistant Yellow-Orange Maize Hybrids
title_sort	antioxidant and starch-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory properties of <i>striga</i>-resistant yellow-orange maize hybrids
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2eba03b48b184d2a90800689c563b0b6
work_keys_str_mv	AT abdulazeezolamilekanelemosho antioxidantandstarchhydrolyzingenzymesinhibitorypropertiesofistrigairesistantyelloworangemaizehybrids AT emmanuelanyachukwuirondi antioxidantandstarchhydrolyzingenzymesinhibitorypropertiesofistrigairesistantyelloworangemaizehybrids AT emmanueloladejialamu antioxidantandstarchhydrolyzingenzymesinhibitorypropertiesofistrigairesistantyelloworangemaizehybrids AT emmanueloladipoajani antioxidantandstarchhydrolyzingenzymesinhibitorypropertiesofistrigairesistantyelloworangemaizehybrids AT abebemenkir antioxidantandstarchhydrolyzingenzymesinhibitorypropertiesofistrigairesistantyelloworangemaizehybrids AT busiemaziyadixon antioxidantandstarchhydrolyzingenzymesinhibitorypropertiesofistrigairesistantyelloworangemaizehybrids
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Antioxidant and Starch-Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory Properties of <i>Striga</i>-Resistant Yellow-Orange Maize Hybrids

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