Digital Media Exposure and Predictors for Screen Time in 12-Month-Old Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data From a German Birth Cohort
Background: Early exposure to digital media may affect the physical and cognitive development in young children. The American Academy of Pediatrics and national guidelines recommend no digital media use at all under the age of 18 months. The aim of our study was to determine the actual exposure to d...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:343bdb2d7be54650bfec36556c63d7a12021-12-01T13:34:31ZDigital Media Exposure and Predictors for Screen Time in 12-Month-Old Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data From a German Birth Cohort1664-064010.3389/fpsyt.2021.737178https://doaj.org/article/343bdb2d7be54650bfec36556c63d7a12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.737178/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640Background: Early exposure to digital media may affect the physical and cognitive development in young children. The American Academy of Pediatrics and national guidelines recommend no digital media use at all under the age of 18 months. The aim of our study was to determine the actual exposure to digital media in 12-month-old infants and to reveal potential risk factors for screen time.Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional survey, data was collected from the KUNO Kids birth cohort study using parent-report questionnaires regarding the media exposure of the study child. We determined age at first contact with different digital media, mean screen time on an average weekday, and the influence of major demographic and socioeconomic factors.Results: Data for screen time analysis was available for 630 children. In summary, 45% of children had already been exposed to digital media by their first birthday. The most frequent first digital media exposure was the TV (33.0%) followed by smartphones (16.9%), both most commonly exposed to around the age of 8 months. On a regular weekday, 20% of the children spent 0.5–1 h in front of a TV and 9% were exposed to a smartphone for the same time frame, compared to 31% of joint parent-child media use. Predictors for screen time were having one sibling, less living space per person, and excessive TV use in the household, the latter of which doubled the chance of the child being exposed to digital media.Conclusion: A proportion of 10% of 1-year-old children were already regularly exposed to digital media. The TV remains the most predominant device but new media, particularly smartphones, might be catching up. Our study provides further support that family TV time is a major predictor of infant screen time. Pediatric recommendations should be re-evaluated in the light of the actual exposure to digital media already in infancy and parents should be proactively counseled regarding possible effects on child development.Kira DurhamDavid WethmarSusanne BrandstetterSusanne BrandstetterBirgit Seelbach-GöbelChristian ApfelbacherChristian ApfelbacherMichael MelterMichael KabeschSebastian KerzelThe KUNO Kids Study GroupAndreas AmbroschPetra ArndtAndrea BaesslerMark BerneburgStephan Böse-O'ReillyRomuald BrunnerWolfgang BuchallaSara Fill MalfertheinerSebastian HäuslerAndré FrankeIris HeidCaroline HerrWolfgang HöglerSebastian KerzelMichael KollerMichael LeitzmannDavid RothfußWolfgang RöschBianca SchaubBernhard H.F. WeberStephan WeidingerSven WellmanFrontiers Media S.A.articledigital mediascreen timeinfantsyoung childrenmedia exposurePsychiatryRC435-571ENFrontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 12 (2021) |
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digital media screen time infants young children media exposure Psychiatry RC435-571 |
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digital media screen time infants young children media exposure Psychiatry RC435-571 Kira Durham David Wethmar Susanne Brandstetter Susanne Brandstetter Birgit Seelbach-Göbel Christian Apfelbacher Christian Apfelbacher Michael Melter Michael Kabesch Sebastian Kerzel The KUNO Kids Study Group Andreas Ambrosch Petra Arndt Andrea Baessler Mark Berneburg Stephan Böse-O'Reilly Romuald Brunner Wolfgang Buchalla Sara Fill Malfertheiner Sebastian Häusler André Franke Iris Heid Caroline Herr Wolfgang Högler Sebastian Kerzel Michael Koller Michael Leitzmann David Rothfuß Wolfgang Rösch Bianca Schaub Bernhard H.F. Weber Stephan Weidinger Sven Wellman Digital Media Exposure and Predictors for Screen Time in 12-Month-Old Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data From a German Birth Cohort |
| description |
Background: Early exposure to digital media may affect the physical and cognitive development in young children. The American Academy of Pediatrics and national guidelines recommend no digital media use at all under the age of 18 months. The aim of our study was to determine the actual exposure to digital media in 12-month-old infants and to reveal potential risk factors for screen time.Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional survey, data was collected from the KUNO Kids birth cohort study using parent-report questionnaires regarding the media exposure of the study child. We determined age at first contact with different digital media, mean screen time on an average weekday, and the influence of major demographic and socioeconomic factors.Results: Data for screen time analysis was available for 630 children. In summary, 45% of children had already been exposed to digital media by their first birthday. The most frequent first digital media exposure was the TV (33.0%) followed by smartphones (16.9%), both most commonly exposed to around the age of 8 months. On a regular weekday, 20% of the children spent 0.5–1 h in front of a TV and 9% were exposed to a smartphone for the same time frame, compared to 31% of joint parent-child media use. Predictors for screen time were having one sibling, less living space per person, and excessive TV use in the household, the latter of which doubled the chance of the child being exposed to digital media.Conclusion: A proportion of 10% of 1-year-old children were already regularly exposed to digital media. The TV remains the most predominant device but new media, particularly smartphones, might be catching up. Our study provides further support that family TV time is a major predictor of infant screen time. Pediatric recommendations should be re-evaluated in the light of the actual exposure to digital media already in infancy and parents should be proactively counseled regarding possible effects on child development. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Kira Durham David Wethmar Susanne Brandstetter Susanne Brandstetter Birgit Seelbach-Göbel Christian Apfelbacher Christian Apfelbacher Michael Melter Michael Kabesch Sebastian Kerzel The KUNO Kids Study Group Andreas Ambrosch Petra Arndt Andrea Baessler Mark Berneburg Stephan Böse-O'Reilly Romuald Brunner Wolfgang Buchalla Sara Fill Malfertheiner Sebastian Häusler André Franke Iris Heid Caroline Herr Wolfgang Högler Sebastian Kerzel Michael Koller Michael Leitzmann David Rothfuß Wolfgang Rösch Bianca Schaub Bernhard H.F. Weber Stephan Weidinger Sven Wellman |
| author_facet |
Kira Durham David Wethmar Susanne Brandstetter Susanne Brandstetter Birgit Seelbach-Göbel Christian Apfelbacher Christian Apfelbacher Michael Melter Michael Kabesch Sebastian Kerzel The KUNO Kids Study Group Andreas Ambrosch Petra Arndt Andrea Baessler Mark Berneburg Stephan Böse-O'Reilly Romuald Brunner Wolfgang Buchalla Sara Fill Malfertheiner Sebastian Häusler André Franke Iris Heid Caroline Herr Wolfgang Högler Sebastian Kerzel Michael Koller Michael Leitzmann David Rothfuß Wolfgang Rösch Bianca Schaub Bernhard H.F. Weber Stephan Weidinger Sven Wellman |
| author_sort |
Kira Durham |
| title |
Digital Media Exposure and Predictors for Screen Time in 12-Month-Old Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data From a German Birth Cohort |
| title_short |
Digital Media Exposure and Predictors for Screen Time in 12-Month-Old Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data From a German Birth Cohort |
| title_full |
Digital Media Exposure and Predictors for Screen Time in 12-Month-Old Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data From a German Birth Cohort |
| title_fullStr |
Digital Media Exposure and Predictors for Screen Time in 12-Month-Old Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data From a German Birth Cohort |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Digital Media Exposure and Predictors for Screen Time in 12-Month-Old Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data From a German Birth Cohort |
| title_sort |
digital media exposure and predictors for screen time in 12-month-old children: a cross-sectional analysis of data from a german birth cohort |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/343bdb2d7be54650bfec36556c63d7a1 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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