Characterisation and utilisation of nano-reduced starch from underutilised cereals for delivery of folic acid through human GI tract

Abstract Ball milling offers green approach for size reduction of starch granules to nano scale size. In this research work, the starch from two underutilised cereal varieties viz. foxtail starch (FS) and sorghum starch (SS) were milled to achieve the desired nanometric range with mean particle diam...

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Autores principales:	Faiza Jhan, Asir Gani, Nairah Noor, Zanoor ul Ashraf, Adil Gani, Asima Shah
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/455d7bc5150e4b7aac8b14be2d6f9a51
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:455d7bc5150e4b7aac8b14be2d6f9a512021-12-02T11:37:22ZCharacterisation and utilisation of nano-reduced starch from underutilised cereals for delivery of folic acid through human GI tract10.1038/s41598-021-81623-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/455d7bc5150e4b7aac8b14be2d6f9a512021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81623-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Ball milling offers green approach for size reduction of starch granules to nano scale size. In this research work, the starch from two underutilised cereal varieties viz. foxtail starch (FS) and sorghum starch (SS) were milled to achieve the desired nanometric range with mean particle diameter of 467.98 and 271.12 nm for nano foxtail (FSN) and nano sorghum starch (SSN), which were highly stable as revealed by zeta potential analysis. Functional attributes like solubility, swelling index, apparent amylose content, emulsifying and pasting properties were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) clearly revealed damaged starch granules produed by the process of milling. X-ray diffraction (XRD) displayed decrease in crystallinity upon milling to 16.08% (SSN) and 18.56% (FSN) and disappearance of some peaks. Attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) also revealed reduced crystallinity as confirmed by the decreased absorbance ratio of 1047/1022 cm−1 in nano starch particles. Rheological analysis displayed shear thinning behaviour of nano starch samples as evaluated using Herschel-bulkely model and Power law. The nano starch samples exhibited comparatively low thermal gelatinisation temperatures as compared to native counter particles. Moreover, the nano-encapsulated starch samples offered more resistance to in-vitro digestion and showed control release of folic acid at target sites.Faiza JhanAsir GaniNairah NoorZanoor ul AshrafAdil GaniAsima ShahNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Faiza Jhan Asir Gani Nairah Noor Zanoor ul Ashraf Adil Gani Asima Shah Characterisation and utilisation of nano-reduced starch from underutilised cereals for delivery of folic acid through human GI tract
description	Abstract Ball milling offers green approach for size reduction of starch granules to nano scale size. In this research work, the starch from two underutilised cereal varieties viz. foxtail starch (FS) and sorghum starch (SS) were milled to achieve the desired nanometric range with mean particle diameter of 467.98 and 271.12 nm for nano foxtail (FSN) and nano sorghum starch (SSN), which were highly stable as revealed by zeta potential analysis. Functional attributes like solubility, swelling index, apparent amylose content, emulsifying and pasting properties were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) clearly revealed damaged starch granules produed by the process of milling. X-ray diffraction (XRD) displayed decrease in crystallinity upon milling to 16.08% (SSN) and 18.56% (FSN) and disappearance of some peaks. Attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) also revealed reduced crystallinity as confirmed by the decreased absorbance ratio of 1047/1022 cm−1 in nano starch particles. Rheological analysis displayed shear thinning behaviour of nano starch samples as evaluated using Herschel-bulkely model and Power law. The nano starch samples exhibited comparatively low thermal gelatinisation temperatures as compared to native counter particles. Moreover, the nano-encapsulated starch samples offered more resistance to in-vitro digestion and showed control release of folic acid at target sites.
format	article
author	Faiza Jhan Asir Gani Nairah Noor Zanoor ul Ashraf Adil Gani Asima Shah
author_facet	Faiza Jhan Asir Gani Nairah Noor Zanoor ul Ashraf Adil Gani Asima Shah
author_sort	Faiza Jhan
title	Characterisation and utilisation of nano-reduced starch from underutilised cereals for delivery of folic acid through human GI tract
title_short	Characterisation and utilisation of nano-reduced starch from underutilised cereals for delivery of folic acid through human GI tract
title_full	Characterisation and utilisation of nano-reduced starch from underutilised cereals for delivery of folic acid through human GI tract
title_fullStr	Characterisation and utilisation of nano-reduced starch from underutilised cereals for delivery of folic acid through human GI tract
title_full_unstemmed	Characterisation and utilisation of nano-reduced starch from underutilised cereals for delivery of folic acid through human GI tract
title_sort	characterisation and utilisation of nano-reduced starch from underutilised cereals for delivery of folic acid through human gi tract
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/455d7bc5150e4b7aac8b14be2d6f9a51
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Characterisation and utilisation of nano-reduced starch from underutilised cereals for delivery of folic acid through human GI tract

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