Transcriptomic Response of Huanglongbing-Infected Citrus sinensis Following Field Application of a Microbial Fermentation Product

Huanglongbing (HLB) is considered the most destructive disease in Citrus production and threatens the future of the industry. Microbial-derived defense elicitors have gained recognition for their role in plant defense priming. This work assessed a 5% (V/V) microbial fermentation application (MFA) an...

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Autores principales:	Richard D. Lally, Kathleen Donaleshen, Ulalo Chirwa, Katie Eastridge, Wesley Saintilnord, Edward Dickinson, Richard Murphy, Steven Borst, Karina Horgan, Karl Dawson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Citrus citrus greening HLB huanglongbing microbial elicitors fermentation Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4da955e7da804a768c2d9493eac9ede3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4da955e7da804a768c2d9493eac9ede32021-12-01T16:57:06ZTranscriptomic Response of Huanglongbing-Infected Citrus sinensis Following Field Application of a Microbial Fermentation Product1664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.754391https://doaj.org/article/4da955e7da804a768c2d9493eac9ede32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.754391/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XHuanglongbing (HLB) is considered the most destructive disease in Citrus production and threatens the future of the industry. Microbial-derived defense elicitors have gained recognition for their role in plant defense priming. This work assessed a 5% (V/V) microbial fermentation application (MFA) and its role in the elicitation of defense responses in HLB-infected Citrus sinensis trees following a foliar application with a pump sprayer. Using a PCR detection method, HLB infection levels were monitored in healthy and infected trees for 20months. Nutrient analysis assessed N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, B, and Cu concentrations in the trees. MFA significantly increased Cu concentrations in treated trees and resulted in the stabilization of disease index (DI) in infected trees. Initial real-time qPCR analysis of defense-associated genes showed a significant increase in pathogenesis-related protein 2 (PR2) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene expression in healthy and HLB-infected trees in response to MFA. Gene expression of PR2 and PAL peaked 6h post-microbial fermentation application during an 8-h sampling period. A transcriptomic assessment using GeneChip microarray of the hour 6 samples revealed differential expression of 565 genes when MFA was applied to healthy trees and 909 genes when applied infected citrus trees when compared to their respective controls. There were 403 uniquely differentially expressed genes in response to MFA following an intersectional analysis of both healthy and infected citrus trees. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that several genes associated with plant development, growth, and defense were upregulated in response to MFA, including multiple PR genes, lignin formation genes, ROS-related genes, hormone synthases, and hormone regulators. This study provides further evidence that MFA may play an important role as a plant elicitor in an integrated pest management strategy in citrus and other agronomically important crops.Richard D. LallyKathleen DonaleshenUlalo ChirwaKatie EastridgeWesley SaintilnordEdward DickinsonRichard MurphySteven BorstKarina HorganKarl DawsonFrontiers Media S.A.articleCitruscitrus greeningHLBhuanglongbingmicrobial elicitorsfermentationPlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Citrus citrus greening HLB huanglongbing microbial elicitors fermentation Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	Citrus citrus greening HLB huanglongbing microbial elicitors fermentation Plant culture SB1-1110 Richard D. Lally Kathleen Donaleshen Ulalo Chirwa Katie Eastridge Wesley Saintilnord Edward Dickinson Richard Murphy Steven Borst Karina Horgan Karl Dawson Transcriptomic Response of Huanglongbing-Infected Citrus sinensis Following Field Application of a Microbial Fermentation Product
description	Huanglongbing (HLB) is considered the most destructive disease in Citrus production and threatens the future of the industry. Microbial-derived defense elicitors have gained recognition for their role in plant defense priming. This work assessed a 5% (V/V) microbial fermentation application (MFA) and its role in the elicitation of defense responses in HLB-infected Citrus sinensis trees following a foliar application with a pump sprayer. Using a PCR detection method, HLB infection levels were monitored in healthy and infected trees for 20months. Nutrient analysis assessed N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, B, and Cu concentrations in the trees. MFA significantly increased Cu concentrations in treated trees and resulted in the stabilization of disease index (DI) in infected trees. Initial real-time qPCR analysis of defense-associated genes showed a significant increase in pathogenesis-related protein 2 (PR2) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene expression in healthy and HLB-infected trees in response to MFA. Gene expression of PR2 and PAL peaked 6h post-microbial fermentation application during an 8-h sampling period. A transcriptomic assessment using GeneChip microarray of the hour 6 samples revealed differential expression of 565 genes when MFA was applied to healthy trees and 909 genes when applied infected citrus trees when compared to their respective controls. There were 403 uniquely differentially expressed genes in response to MFA following an intersectional analysis of both healthy and infected citrus trees. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that several genes associated with plant development, growth, and defense were upregulated in response to MFA, including multiple PR genes, lignin formation genes, ROS-related genes, hormone synthases, and hormone regulators. This study provides further evidence that MFA may play an important role as a plant elicitor in an integrated pest management strategy in citrus and other agronomically important crops.
format	article
author	Richard D. Lally Kathleen Donaleshen Ulalo Chirwa Katie Eastridge Wesley Saintilnord Edward Dickinson Richard Murphy Steven Borst Karina Horgan Karl Dawson
author_facet	Richard D. Lally Kathleen Donaleshen Ulalo Chirwa Katie Eastridge Wesley Saintilnord Edward Dickinson Richard Murphy Steven Borst Karina Horgan Karl Dawson
author_sort	Richard D. Lally
title	Transcriptomic Response of Huanglongbing-Infected Citrus sinensis Following Field Application of a Microbial Fermentation Product
title_short	Transcriptomic Response of Huanglongbing-Infected Citrus sinensis Following Field Application of a Microbial Fermentation Product
title_full	Transcriptomic Response of Huanglongbing-Infected Citrus sinensis Following Field Application of a Microbial Fermentation Product
title_fullStr	Transcriptomic Response of Huanglongbing-Infected Citrus sinensis Following Field Application of a Microbial Fermentation Product
title_full_unstemmed	Transcriptomic Response of Huanglongbing-Infected Citrus sinensis Following Field Application of a Microbial Fermentation Product
title_sort	transcriptomic response of huanglongbing-infected citrus sinensis following field application of a microbial fermentation product
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4da955e7da804a768c2d9493eac9ede3
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Transcriptomic Response of Huanglongbing-Infected Citrus sinensis Following Field Application of a Microbial Fermentation Product

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