Chemical and Biochemical Characterization of Essential Oils and Their Corresponding Hydrolats from Six Species of the Lamiaceae Family

Many plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family are rich in essential oils (EOs) which are intensively used for aromatherapy, food and beverage flavoring, alternative medicine, cosmetics, and perfumery. Aerial parts of Thymus vulgaris L., Thymus pannonicu...

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Autores principales:	Cristina Laura Popa, Andreea Lupitu, Maria Daniela Mot, Lucian Copolovici, Cristian Moisa, Dana Maria Copolovici
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	antioxidant activity bioactive compounds by-product valorization essential oils GC-MS hydrolats Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4f209b1906af4e5a9637a4d20810cd2f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4f209b1906af4e5a9637a4d20810cd2f2021-11-25T18:47:00ZChemical and Biochemical Characterization of Essential Oils and Their Corresponding Hydrolats from Six Species of the <i>Lamiaceae</i> Family10.3390/plants101124892223-7747https://doaj.org/article/4f209b1906af4e5a9637a4d20810cd2f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2489https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Many plants belonging to the <i>Lamiaceae</i> family are rich in essential oils (EOs) which are intensively used for aromatherapy, food and beverage flavoring, alternative medicine, cosmetics, and perfumery. Aerial parts of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L., <i>Thymus pannonicus</i> All., <i>Lavandula angustifolia</i> L., <i>Lavandula x intermedia</i>, <i>Origanum vulgare</i> L., and <i>Origanum vulgare</i> var. <i>aureum</i> L. were subjected to hydrodistillation, and both resulting fractions were analyzed. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content of six essential oils and their corresponding hydrolats (HDs) through GC-MS and spectrophotometric analyses. Overall, 161 compounds were identified, some found exclusively in essential oils and others in hydrolats, making them individual products with specific end purposes. The total phenolic content was the highest for the <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. EOs (3022 ± mg GAE L<sup>−1</sup>), because of its high phenolic oxygenated monoterpenes content (thymol and carvacrol) and the smallest for the <i>Lavandula angustifolia</i> L. EOs (258.31 ± 44.29 mg GAE L<sup>−1</sup>), while hydrolats varied from 183.85 ± 0.22 mg GAE L<sup>−1</sup> for <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. HD and 7.73 mg GAE L<sup>−1</sup> for <i>Thymus pannonicus</i> All. HD. Significant antioxidant effects determined through DPPH<sup>•</sup> and ABTS<sup>•+</sup> assays were also observed in samples with higher hydrophilic compounds. The highest antioxidant activity was determined for <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. EO and its corresponding HD. Although EOs are the principal traded economic product, HDs represent a valuable by-product that could still present intense antiseptic activities, similar to their corresponding EOs (thyme and oregano), or have multiple aromatherapy, cosmetics, and household applications (lavender and lavandin).Cristina Laura PopaAndreea LupituMaria Daniela MotLucian CopoloviciCristian MoisaDana Maria CopoloviciMDPI AGarticleantioxidant activitybioactive compoundsby-product valorizationessential oilsGC-MShydrolatsBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2489, p 2489 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antioxidant activity bioactive compounds by-product valorization essential oils GC-MS hydrolats Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	antioxidant activity bioactive compounds by-product valorization essential oils GC-MS hydrolats Botany QK1-989 Cristina Laura Popa Andreea Lupitu Maria Daniela Mot Lucian Copolovici Cristian Moisa Dana Maria Copolovici Chemical and Biochemical Characterization of Essential Oils and Their Corresponding Hydrolats from Six Species of the <i>Lamiaceae</i> Family
description	Many plants belonging to the <i>Lamiaceae</i> family are rich in essential oils (EOs) which are intensively used for aromatherapy, food and beverage flavoring, alternative medicine, cosmetics, and perfumery. Aerial parts of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L., <i>Thymus pannonicus</i> All., <i>Lavandula angustifolia</i> L., <i>Lavandula x intermedia</i>, <i>Origanum vulgare</i> L., and <i>Origanum vulgare</i> var. <i>aureum</i> L. were subjected to hydrodistillation, and both resulting fractions were analyzed. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content of six essential oils and their corresponding hydrolats (HDs) through GC-MS and spectrophotometric analyses. Overall, 161 compounds were identified, some found exclusively in essential oils and others in hydrolats, making them individual products with specific end purposes. The total phenolic content was the highest for the <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. EOs (3022 ± mg GAE L<sup>−1</sup>), because of its high phenolic oxygenated monoterpenes content (thymol and carvacrol) and the smallest for the <i>Lavandula angustifolia</i> L. EOs (258.31 ± 44.29 mg GAE L<sup>−1</sup>), while hydrolats varied from 183.85 ± 0.22 mg GAE L<sup>−1</sup> for <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. HD and 7.73 mg GAE L<sup>−1</sup> for <i>Thymus pannonicus</i> All. HD. Significant antioxidant effects determined through DPPH<sup>•</sup> and ABTS<sup>•+</sup> assays were also observed in samples with higher hydrophilic compounds. The highest antioxidant activity was determined for <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. EO and its corresponding HD. Although EOs are the principal traded economic product, HDs represent a valuable by-product that could still present intense antiseptic activities, similar to their corresponding EOs (thyme and oregano), or have multiple aromatherapy, cosmetics, and household applications (lavender and lavandin).
format	article
author	Cristina Laura Popa Andreea Lupitu Maria Daniela Mot Lucian Copolovici Cristian Moisa Dana Maria Copolovici
author_facet	Cristina Laura Popa Andreea Lupitu Maria Daniela Mot Lucian Copolovici Cristian Moisa Dana Maria Copolovici
author_sort	Cristina Laura Popa
title	Chemical and Biochemical Characterization of Essential Oils and Their Corresponding Hydrolats from Six Species of the <i>Lamiaceae</i> Family
title_short	Chemical and Biochemical Characterization of Essential Oils and Their Corresponding Hydrolats from Six Species of the <i>Lamiaceae</i> Family
title_full	Chemical and Biochemical Characterization of Essential Oils and Their Corresponding Hydrolats from Six Species of the <i>Lamiaceae</i> Family
title_fullStr	Chemical and Biochemical Characterization of Essential Oils and Their Corresponding Hydrolats from Six Species of the <i>Lamiaceae</i> Family
title_full_unstemmed	Chemical and Biochemical Characterization of Essential Oils and Their Corresponding Hydrolats from Six Species of the <i>Lamiaceae</i> Family
title_sort	chemical and biochemical characterization of essential oils and their corresponding hydrolats from six species of the <i>lamiaceae</i> family
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4f209b1906af4e5a9637a4d20810cd2f
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Chemical and Biochemical Characterization of Essential Oils and Their Corresponding Hydrolats from Six Species of the <i>Lamiaceae</i> Family

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