Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Spent Coffee Grounds Oil Using Response Surface Methodology

Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) generated in coffee processing for beverages and other products are a very significant organic residue that needs to be properly treated. Waste valorization via oil extraction has the potential to obtain compounds that can be used for producing biodiesel or other high-val...

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Autores principales:	Malek Miladi, António A. Martins, Teresa M. Mata, Miguel Vegara, María Pérez-Infantes, Rania Remmani, Antonio Ruiz-Canales, Dámaris Núñez-Gómez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	analysis of variance (ANOVA) central composite rotatable design (CCRD) factorial design n-hexane spent coffee grounds (SCG) ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/566028335676494d9e024a41f65cce72
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:566028335676494d9e024a41f65cce722021-11-25T18:52:13ZOptimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Spent Coffee Grounds Oil Using Response Surface Methodology10.3390/pr91120852227-9717https://doaj.org/article/566028335676494d9e024a41f65cce722021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/11/2085https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9717Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) generated in coffee processing for beverages and other products are a very significant organic residue that needs to be properly treated. Waste valorization via oil extraction has the potential to obtain compounds that can be used for producing biodiesel or other high-value products, such as polymers. This work focuses on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of SCG oil using n-hexane as a solvent. Three key process parameters are analyzed: temperature, extraction time, and liquid/solid (L/S) rate of solvent, using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), an analysis that, to the author’s knowledge, is not yet available in the literature. The data were analyzed using the software StatSoft STATISTICA 13.1 (TIBCO Software Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA). Results show that all parameters have a statistical influence on the process performance (<i>p</i> < 0.05), being the L/S ratio the most significant, followed by extraction time and temperature. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the empirical model is a good fit to the experimental data at a 95% confidence level. For the range of conditions considered in this work, the optimal operating conditions for obtaining an oil extraction yield in the range of 12 to 13%wt are a solvent L/S ratio of around 16 mL g<sup>−1</sup>, for a temperature in the range of 50 to 60 °C, and the longest contact time, limited by the process economics and health and safety issues and also, by the n-hexane boiling temperature.Malek MiladiAntónio A. MartinsTeresa M. MataMiguel VegaraMaría Pérez-InfantesRania RemmaniAntonio Ruiz-CanalesDámaris Núñez-GómezMDPI AGarticleanalysis of variance (ANOVA)central composite rotatable design (CCRD)factorial designn-hexanespent coffee grounds (SCG)ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) methodChemical technologyTP1-1185ChemistryQD1-999ENProcesses, Vol 9, Iss 2085, p 2085 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	analysis of variance (ANOVA) central composite rotatable design (CCRD) factorial design n-hexane spent coffee grounds (SCG) ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	analysis of variance (ANOVA) central composite rotatable design (CCRD) factorial design n-hexane spent coffee grounds (SCG) ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999 Malek Miladi António A. Martins Teresa M. Mata Miguel Vegara María Pérez-Infantes Rania Remmani Antonio Ruiz-Canales Dámaris Núñez-Gómez Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Spent Coffee Grounds Oil Using Response Surface Methodology
description	Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) generated in coffee processing for beverages and other products are a very significant organic residue that needs to be properly treated. Waste valorization via oil extraction has the potential to obtain compounds that can be used for producing biodiesel or other high-value products, such as polymers. This work focuses on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of SCG oil using n-hexane as a solvent. Three key process parameters are analyzed: temperature, extraction time, and liquid/solid (L/S) rate of solvent, using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), an analysis that, to the author’s knowledge, is not yet available in the literature. The data were analyzed using the software StatSoft STATISTICA 13.1 (TIBCO Software Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA). Results show that all parameters have a statistical influence on the process performance (<i>p</i> < 0.05), being the L/S ratio the most significant, followed by extraction time and temperature. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the empirical model is a good fit to the experimental data at a 95% confidence level. For the range of conditions considered in this work, the optimal operating conditions for obtaining an oil extraction yield in the range of 12 to 13%wt are a solvent L/S ratio of around 16 mL g<sup>−1</sup>, for a temperature in the range of 50 to 60 °C, and the longest contact time, limited by the process economics and health and safety issues and also, by the n-hexane boiling temperature.
format	article
author	Malek Miladi António A. Martins Teresa M. Mata Miguel Vegara María Pérez-Infantes Rania Remmani Antonio Ruiz-Canales Dámaris Núñez-Gómez
author_facet	Malek Miladi António A. Martins Teresa M. Mata Miguel Vegara María Pérez-Infantes Rania Remmani Antonio Ruiz-Canales Dámaris Núñez-Gómez
author_sort	Malek Miladi
title	Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Spent Coffee Grounds Oil Using Response Surface Methodology
title_short	Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Spent Coffee Grounds Oil Using Response Surface Methodology
title_full	Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Spent Coffee Grounds Oil Using Response Surface Methodology
title_fullStr	Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Spent Coffee Grounds Oil Using Response Surface Methodology
title_full_unstemmed	Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Spent Coffee Grounds Oil Using Response Surface Methodology
title_sort	optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of spent coffee grounds oil using response surface methodology
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/566028335676494d9e024a41f65cce72
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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Spent Coffee Grounds Oil Using Response Surface Methodology

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