Early childhood development and urban environment in Mexico.

<h4>Background</h4>Childhood is considered the most important phase of human development; within it the period from birth to 5 years of age is particularly critical, given the speed at which changes occur. The context where children live can influence early childhood developmnent (ECD) b...

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Autores principales:	Francisco-Javier Prado-Galbarro, Carolina Pérez-Ferrer, Ana Ortigoza, Nancy Paulina López-Olmedo, Ariela Braverman-Bronstein, Rosalba Rojas-Martínez, Filipa de Castro, Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutiérrez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/69996977000241d492faf6bb817b4c4a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:69996977000241d492faf6bb817b4c4a2021-12-02T20:12:55ZEarly childhood development and urban environment in Mexico.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0259946https://doaj.org/article/69996977000241d492faf6bb817b4c4a2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259946https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Childhood is considered the most important phase of human development; within it the period from birth to 5 years of age is particularly critical, given the speed at which changes occur. The context where children live can influence early childhood developmnent (ECD) by providing or limiting opportunities to learn, play and establish social interactions. This study explored the associations between characteristics of the urban environment and ECD in 2,194 children aged 36 to 59 months living in urban municipalities in Mexico.<h4>Methods</h4>We obtained ECD information from the 2015 Survey of Boys, Girls, and Women (ENIM, for its Spanish acronym), measured with the Early Childhood Development Index. The urban environment was evaluated at the municipal level, considering variables from five environment domains: physical, social, service, socioeconomic, and governance. Multilevel logistic models were fitted to assess the association between urban environment characteristics and the inadequacy of ECD in general and by specific development domains: learning, socio-emotional, physical, and alpha-numeric.<h4>Results</h4>Inadequate ECD was inversely associated with the availability of libraries (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.72), and positively associated with population density (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02). For the specific ECD domains, inadequate socio-emotional development was inversely associated with the availability of libraries (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.85). Inadequate literacy-numeracy knowledge was associated inversely with the availability of daycare centers (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.97), and directly associated with the number of hospitals and clinics (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.72). Finally, the marginalization index was positively associated with inadequacy in the learning domain (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.03).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Some aspects of the urban environment associated with ECD, suggest that intervening in the urban context could improve overall child development. Investment in resources oriented to improve socio-emotional development and literacy (such as libraries and daycare), could foster ECD in Mexico.Francisco-Javier Prado-GalbarroCarolina Pérez-FerrerAna OrtigozaNancy Paulina López-OlmedoAriela Braverman-BronsteinRosalba Rojas-MartínezFilipa de CastroTonatiuh Barrientos-GutiérrezPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11, p e0259946 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Francisco-Javier Prado-Galbarro Carolina Pérez-Ferrer Ana Ortigoza Nancy Paulina López-Olmedo Ariela Braverman-Bronstein Rosalba Rojas-Martínez Filipa de Castro Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutiérrez Early childhood development and urban environment in Mexico.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Childhood is considered the most important phase of human development; within it the period from birth to 5 years of age is particularly critical, given the speed at which changes occur. The context where children live can influence early childhood developmnent (ECD) by providing or limiting opportunities to learn, play and establish social interactions. This study explored the associations between characteristics of the urban environment and ECD in 2,194 children aged 36 to 59 months living in urban municipalities in Mexico.<h4>Methods</h4>We obtained ECD information from the 2015 Survey of Boys, Girls, and Women (ENIM, for its Spanish acronym), measured with the Early Childhood Development Index. The urban environment was evaluated at the municipal level, considering variables from five environment domains: physical, social, service, socioeconomic, and governance. Multilevel logistic models were fitted to assess the association between urban environment characteristics and the inadequacy of ECD in general and by specific development domains: learning, socio-emotional, physical, and alpha-numeric.<h4>Results</h4>Inadequate ECD was inversely associated with the availability of libraries (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.72), and positively associated with population density (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02). For the specific ECD domains, inadequate socio-emotional development was inversely associated with the availability of libraries (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.85). Inadequate literacy-numeracy knowledge was associated inversely with the availability of daycare centers (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.97), and directly associated with the number of hospitals and clinics (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.72). Finally, the marginalization index was positively associated with inadequacy in the learning domain (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.03).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Some aspects of the urban environment associated with ECD, suggest that intervening in the urban context could improve overall child development. Investment in resources oriented to improve socio-emotional development and literacy (such as libraries and daycare), could foster ECD in Mexico.
format	article
author	Francisco-Javier Prado-Galbarro Carolina Pérez-Ferrer Ana Ortigoza Nancy Paulina López-Olmedo Ariela Braverman-Bronstein Rosalba Rojas-Martínez Filipa de Castro Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutiérrez
author_facet	Francisco-Javier Prado-Galbarro Carolina Pérez-Ferrer Ana Ortigoza Nancy Paulina López-Olmedo Ariela Braverman-Bronstein Rosalba Rojas-Martínez Filipa de Castro Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutiérrez
author_sort	Francisco-Javier Prado-Galbarro
title	Early childhood development and urban environment in Mexico.
title_short	Early childhood development and urban environment in Mexico.
title_full	Early childhood development and urban environment in Mexico.
title_fullStr	Early childhood development and urban environment in Mexico.
title_full_unstemmed	Early childhood development and urban environment in Mexico.
title_sort	early childhood development and urban environment in mexico.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/69996977000241d492faf6bb817b4c4a
work_keys_str_mv	AT franciscojavierpradogalbarro earlychildhooddevelopmentandurbanenvironmentinmexico AT carolinaperezferrer earlychildhooddevelopmentandurbanenvironmentinmexico AT anaortigoza earlychildhooddevelopmentandurbanenvironmentinmexico AT nancypaulinalopezolmedo earlychildhooddevelopmentandurbanenvironmentinmexico AT arielabravermanbronstein earlychildhooddevelopmentandurbanenvironmentinmexico AT rosalbarojasmartinez earlychildhooddevelopmentandurbanenvironmentinmexico AT filipadecastro earlychildhooddevelopmentandurbanenvironmentinmexico AT tonatiuhbarrientosgutierrez earlychildhooddevelopmentandurbanenvironmentinmexico
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Early childhood development and urban environment in Mexico.

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