Phenol-rich fulvic acid as a water additive enhances growth, reduces stress, and stimulates the immune system of fish in aquaculture

Abstract Aquaculture has become imperative to cover the demands for dietary animal protein. Simultaneously, it has to overcome prejudices from excessive use of antibiotics and environmental impacts. Natural supplements are traditionally applied orally. In this study, we demonstrated another pathway:...

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Autores principales: Thora Lieke, Christian E. W. Steinberg, Bo Pan, Irina V. Perminova, Thomas Meinelt, Klaus Knopf, Werner Kloas
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Nature Portfolio 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/69b371217df44fe5b34be42838091962
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