Unexpected Diversity during Community Succession in the Apple Flower Microbiome

ABSTRACT Despite its importance to the host, the flower microbiome is poorly understood. We report a culture-independent, community-level assessment of apple flower microbial diversity and dynamics. We collected flowers from six apple trees at five time points, starting before flowers opened and end...

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Autores principales:	Ashley Shade, Patricia S. McManus, Jo Handelsman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2013
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6c965aefa678466092820617ce1f49e1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6c965aefa678466092820617ce1f49e12021-11-15T15:40:28ZUnexpected Diversity during Community Succession in the Apple Flower Microbiome10.1128/mBio.00602-122150-7511https://doaj.org/article/6c965aefa678466092820617ce1f49e12013-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00602-12https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Despite its importance to the host, the flower microbiome is poorly understood. We report a culture-independent, community-level assessment of apple flower microbial diversity and dynamics. We collected flowers from six apple trees at five time points, starting before flowers opened and ending at petal fall. We applied streptomycin to half of the trees when flowers opened. Assessment of microbial diversity using tag pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that the apple flower communities were rich and diverse and dominated by members of TM7 and Deinococcus-Thermus, phyla about which relatively little is known. From thousands of taxa, we identified six successional groups with coherent dynamics whose abundances peaked at different times before and after bud opening. We designated the groups Pioneer, Early, Mid, Late, Climax, and Generalist communities. The successional pattern was attributed to a set of prevalent taxa that were persistent and gradually changing in abundance. These taxa had significant associations with other community members, as demonstrated with a cooccurrence network based on local similarity analysis. We also detected a set of less-abundant, transient taxa that contributed to general tree-to-tree variability but not to the successional pattern. Communities on trees sprayed with streptomycin had slightly lower phylogenetic diversity than those on unsprayed trees but did not differ in structure or succession. Our results suggest that changes in apple flower microbial community structure are predictable over the life of the flower, providing a basis for ecological understanding and disease management. IMPORTANCE Flowering plants (angiosperms) represent a diverse group of an estimated 400,000 species, and their successful cultivation is essential to agriculture. Yet fundamental knowledge of flower-associated microbiotas remains largely unknown. Even less well understood are the changes that flower microbial communities experience through time. Flowers are particularly conducive to comprehensive temporal studies because they are, by nature, ephemeral organs. Here, we present the first culture-independent time series of bacterial and archaeal communities associated with the flowers of apple, an economically important crop. We found unexpected diversity on apple flowers, including a preponderance of taxa affiliated with Deinococcus-Thermus and TM7, phyla that are understudied but thought to be tolerant to an array of environmental stresses. Our results also suggest that changes in microbial community structure on the apple flower may be predictable over the life of the flower, providing the basis for ecological understanding and disease management.Ashley ShadePatricia S. McManusJo HandelsmanAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 4, Iss 2 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Ashley Shade Patricia S. McManus Jo Handelsman Unexpected Diversity during Community Succession in the Apple Flower Microbiome
description	ABSTRACT Despite its importance to the host, the flower microbiome is poorly understood. We report a culture-independent, community-level assessment of apple flower microbial diversity and dynamics. We collected flowers from six apple trees at five time points, starting before flowers opened and ending at petal fall. We applied streptomycin to half of the trees when flowers opened. Assessment of microbial diversity using tag pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that the apple flower communities were rich and diverse and dominated by members of TM7 and Deinococcus-Thermus, phyla about which relatively little is known. From thousands of taxa, we identified six successional groups with coherent dynamics whose abundances peaked at different times before and after bud opening. We designated the groups Pioneer, Early, Mid, Late, Climax, and Generalist communities. The successional pattern was attributed to a set of prevalent taxa that were persistent and gradually changing in abundance. These taxa had significant associations with other community members, as demonstrated with a cooccurrence network based on local similarity analysis. We also detected a set of less-abundant, transient taxa that contributed to general tree-to-tree variability but not to the successional pattern. Communities on trees sprayed with streptomycin had slightly lower phylogenetic diversity than those on unsprayed trees but did not differ in structure or succession. Our results suggest that changes in apple flower microbial community structure are predictable over the life of the flower, providing a basis for ecological understanding and disease management. IMPORTANCE Flowering plants (angiosperms) represent a diverse group of an estimated 400,000 species, and their successful cultivation is essential to agriculture. Yet fundamental knowledge of flower-associated microbiotas remains largely unknown. Even less well understood are the changes that flower microbial communities experience through time. Flowers are particularly conducive to comprehensive temporal studies because they are, by nature, ephemeral organs. Here, we present the first culture-independent time series of bacterial and archaeal communities associated with the flowers of apple, an economically important crop. We found unexpected diversity on apple flowers, including a preponderance of taxa affiliated with Deinococcus-Thermus and TM7, phyla that are understudied but thought to be tolerant to an array of environmental stresses. Our results also suggest that changes in microbial community structure on the apple flower may be predictable over the life of the flower, providing the basis for ecological understanding and disease management.
format	article
author	Ashley Shade Patricia S. McManus Jo Handelsman
author_facet	Ashley Shade Patricia S. McManus Jo Handelsman
author_sort	Ashley Shade
title	Unexpected Diversity during Community Succession in the Apple Flower Microbiome
title_short	Unexpected Diversity during Community Succession in the Apple Flower Microbiome
title_full	Unexpected Diversity during Community Succession in the Apple Flower Microbiome
title_fullStr	Unexpected Diversity during Community Succession in the Apple Flower Microbiome
title_full_unstemmed	Unexpected Diversity during Community Succession in the Apple Flower Microbiome
title_sort	unexpected diversity during community succession in the apple flower microbiome
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/6c965aefa678466092820617ce1f49e1
work_keys_str_mv	AT ashleyshade unexpecteddiversityduringcommunitysuccessionintheappleflowermicrobiome AT patriciasmcmanus unexpecteddiversityduringcommunitysuccessionintheappleflowermicrobiome AT johandelsman unexpecteddiversityduringcommunitysuccessionintheappleflowermicrobiome
_version_	1718427709596499968

Unexpected Diversity during Community Succession in the Apple Flower Microbiome

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