2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation

Salt stress has long been a prominent obstacle that restricts crop growth, and increasing the L-ascorbic acid (ASA) content of crops is an effective means of alleviating this stress. 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid (2KGA) is a precursor used in industrial ASA production as well as an ASA degradation product i...

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Autores principales:	Mingfu Gao, Hao Sun, Meijun Shi, Qiqi Wu, Dongxu Ji, Bing Wang, Lixin Zhang, Yang Liu, Litao Han, Xicheng Ruan, Hui Xu, Weichao Yang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	2-keto-L-gulonic acid L-ascorbic acid organic acid salt stress lipid peroxidation non-heading Chinese cabbage Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7120a607a574493daa28b33983714d31
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7120a607a574493daa28b33983714d312021-11-04T06:14:04Z2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation1664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.697184https://doaj.org/article/7120a607a574493daa28b33983714d312021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.697184/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XSalt stress has long been a prominent obstacle that restricts crop growth, and increasing the L-ascorbic acid (ASA) content of crops is an effective means of alleviating this stress. 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid (2KGA) is a precursor used in industrial ASA production as well as an ASA degradation product in plants. However, to date, no study has investigated the effects of 2KGA on ASA metabolism and salt stress. Here, we evaluated the potential of using 2KGA to improve crop resistance to salt stress (100mM NaCl) through a cultivation experiment of non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis). The results showed that the leaf and root biomass were significantly improved by 2KGA application. The levels of metabolites and enzymes related to stress resistance were increased, whereas the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were decreased. Lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage were alleviated following 2KGA treatment. Positive correlations were found between photosynthetic pigments and organic solutes, ASA and photosynthetic pigments, and ASA and antioxidant enzymes. In contrast, negative correlations were observed between antioxidant enzymes and H2O2/MDA. Moreover, the expression levels of L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase, GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase, dehydroascorbate reductase-3, and ascorbate peroxidase were increased by 2KGA treatment. These results suggested that exogenous 2KGA application can relieve the inhibitory effect of salt stress on plant growth, and the promotion of ASA synthesis may represent a critical underlying mechanism. Our findings have significant implications for the future application of 2KGA or its fermentation residue in agriculture.Mingfu GaoMingfu GaoHao SunHao SunMeijun ShiMeijun ShiQiqi WuQiqi WuDongxu JiDongxu JiBing WangBing WangLixin ZhangYang LiuLitao HanXicheng RuanHui XuHui XuWeichao YangWeichao YangFrontiers Media S.A.article2-keto-L-gulonic acidL-ascorbic acidorganic acidsalt stresslipid peroxidationnon-heading Chinese cabbagePlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	2-keto-L-gulonic acid L-ascorbic acid organic acid salt stress lipid peroxidation non-heading Chinese cabbage Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	2-keto-L-gulonic acid L-ascorbic acid organic acid salt stress lipid peroxidation non-heading Chinese cabbage Plant culture SB1-1110 Mingfu Gao Mingfu Gao Hao Sun Hao Sun Meijun Shi Meijun Shi Qiqi Wu Qiqi Wu Dongxu Ji Dongxu Ji Bing Wang Bing Wang Lixin Zhang Yang Liu Litao Han Xicheng Ruan Hui Xu Hui Xu Weichao Yang Weichao Yang 2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation
description	Salt stress has long been a prominent obstacle that restricts crop growth, and increasing the L-ascorbic acid (ASA) content of crops is an effective means of alleviating this stress. 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid (2KGA) is a precursor used in industrial ASA production as well as an ASA degradation product in plants. However, to date, no study has investigated the effects of 2KGA on ASA metabolism and salt stress. Here, we evaluated the potential of using 2KGA to improve crop resistance to salt stress (100mM NaCl) through a cultivation experiment of non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis). The results showed that the leaf and root biomass were significantly improved by 2KGA application. The levels of metabolites and enzymes related to stress resistance were increased, whereas the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were decreased. Lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage were alleviated following 2KGA treatment. Positive correlations were found between photosynthetic pigments and organic solutes, ASA and photosynthetic pigments, and ASA and antioxidant enzymes. In contrast, negative correlations were observed between antioxidant enzymes and H2O2/MDA. Moreover, the expression levels of L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase, GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase, dehydroascorbate reductase-3, and ascorbate peroxidase were increased by 2KGA treatment. These results suggested that exogenous 2KGA application can relieve the inhibitory effect of salt stress on plant growth, and the promotion of ASA synthesis may represent a critical underlying mechanism. Our findings have significant implications for the future application of 2KGA or its fermentation residue in agriculture.
format	article
author	Mingfu Gao Mingfu Gao Hao Sun Hao Sun Meijun Shi Meijun Shi Qiqi Wu Qiqi Wu Dongxu Ji Dongxu Ji Bing Wang Bing Wang Lixin Zhang Yang Liu Litao Han Xicheng Ruan Hui Xu Hui Xu Weichao Yang Weichao Yang
author_facet	Mingfu Gao Mingfu Gao Hao Sun Hao Sun Meijun Shi Meijun Shi Qiqi Wu Qiqi Wu Dongxu Ji Dongxu Ji Bing Wang Bing Wang Lixin Zhang Yang Liu Litao Han Xicheng Ruan Hui Xu Hui Xu Weichao Yang Weichao Yang
author_sort	Mingfu Gao
title	2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation
title_short	2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation
title_full	2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation
title_fullStr	2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation
title_full_unstemmed	2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation
title_sort	2-keto-l-gulonic acid improved the salt stress resistance of non-heading chinese cabbage by increasing l-ascorbic acid accumulation
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7120a607a574493daa28b33983714d31
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2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation

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