An office-based fix-and-follow grading system assessing visual function in preverbal children

Abstract Background Assessing visual function in infants is usually challenging. Fix-and-Follow is a simple and popular method for assessing early development of visual perception in infants, currently however, there is no formal reproducible method for grading the capacity of fix-and-follow. This s...

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Autores principales:	Hyeshin Jeon, Jae Ho Jung, Hee-young Choi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Fix-and-follow Saccade Visual development Visual screening Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/742d96dd18c349849356fc64d6d7ae0b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:742d96dd18c349849356fc64d6d7ae0b2021-12-05T12:26:36ZAn office-based fix-and-follow grading system assessing visual function in preverbal children10.1186/s12886-021-02187-91471-2415https://doaj.org/article/742d96dd18c349849356fc64d6d7ae0b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-021-02187-9https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2415Abstract Background Assessing visual function in infants is usually challenging. Fix-and-Follow is a simple and popular method for assessing early development of visual perception in infants, currently however, there is no formal reproducible method for grading the capacity of fix-and-follow. This study was to develop and validate a new fix-and-follow grading system for assessing visual function development in preverbal children. Methods In this cross-sectional study, the fix-and-follow grades was evaluated in 21 consecutive preverbal children. Fixation was categorised as grade 1 if there was no response to the target and grade 2 if there was a response but only for < 3 s. Grades of 3 and 4 were assigned based capacities to (1) fix on a moving target for ≥3 s, and (2) shift fixation from one target to another. If only one of these two criteria was met, grade 3 was assigned. If both were met, grade 4 was assigned. Following was evaluated using smooth pursuit movement, where grade 1 indicated no movement, grade 2 partial movement, and grade 3 complete movement. Two ophthalmologists independently applied the grading method in all patients. Then one of two examiners repeated the examinations to investigate the intra-observer agreement of the grading system. Results Intra-observer agreement was excellent (Kappa coefficient = 0.823) and inter-observer agreement was good (Kappa coefficient = 0.625). All patients who exhibited abnormal ocular movement had score discrepancy between a new fix-and-following grading examination. Conclusions The new fix-and-follow grading scale can be applied easily in preverbal children in an office setting, and it proved reliable and reproducible.Hyeshin JeonJae Ho JungHee-young ChoiBMCarticleFix-and-followSaccadeVisual developmentVisual screeningOphthalmologyRE1-994ENBMC Ophthalmology, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-5 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Fix-and-follow Saccade Visual development Visual screening Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	Fix-and-follow Saccade Visual development Visual screening Ophthalmology RE1-994 Hyeshin Jeon Jae Ho Jung Hee-young Choi An office-based fix-and-follow grading system assessing visual function in preverbal children
description	Abstract Background Assessing visual function in infants is usually challenging. Fix-and-Follow is a simple and popular method for assessing early development of visual perception in infants, currently however, there is no formal reproducible method for grading the capacity of fix-and-follow. This study was to develop and validate a new fix-and-follow grading system for assessing visual function development in preverbal children. Methods In this cross-sectional study, the fix-and-follow grades was evaluated in 21 consecutive preverbal children. Fixation was categorised as grade 1 if there was no response to the target and grade 2 if there was a response but only for < 3 s. Grades of 3 and 4 were assigned based capacities to (1) fix on a moving target for ≥3 s, and (2) shift fixation from one target to another. If only one of these two criteria was met, grade 3 was assigned. If both were met, grade 4 was assigned. Following was evaluated using smooth pursuit movement, where grade 1 indicated no movement, grade 2 partial movement, and grade 3 complete movement. Two ophthalmologists independently applied the grading method in all patients. Then one of two examiners repeated the examinations to investigate the intra-observer agreement of the grading system. Results Intra-observer agreement was excellent (Kappa coefficient = 0.823) and inter-observer agreement was good (Kappa coefficient = 0.625). All patients who exhibited abnormal ocular movement had score discrepancy between a new fix-and-following grading examination. Conclusions The new fix-and-follow grading scale can be applied easily in preverbal children in an office setting, and it proved reliable and reproducible.
format	article
author	Hyeshin Jeon Jae Ho Jung Hee-young Choi
author_facet	Hyeshin Jeon Jae Ho Jung Hee-young Choi
author_sort	Hyeshin Jeon
title	An office-based fix-and-follow grading system assessing visual function in preverbal children
title_short	An office-based fix-and-follow grading system assessing visual function in preverbal children
title_full	An office-based fix-and-follow grading system assessing visual function in preverbal children
title_fullStr	An office-based fix-and-follow grading system assessing visual function in preverbal children
title_full_unstemmed	An office-based fix-and-follow grading system assessing visual function in preverbal children
title_sort	office-based fix-and-follow grading system assessing visual function in preverbal children
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/742d96dd18c349849356fc64d6d7ae0b
work_keys_str_mv	AT hyeshinjeon anofficebasedfixandfollowgradingsystemassessingvisualfunctioninpreverbalchildren AT jaehojung anofficebasedfixandfollowgradingsystemassessingvisualfunctioninpreverbalchildren AT heeyoungchoi anofficebasedfixandfollowgradingsystemassessingvisualfunctioninpreverbalchildren AT hyeshinjeon officebasedfixandfollowgradingsystemassessingvisualfunctioninpreverbalchildren AT jaehojung officebasedfixandfollowgradingsystemassessingvisualfunctioninpreverbalchildren AT heeyoungchoi officebasedfixandfollowgradingsystemassessingvisualfunctioninpreverbalchildren
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An office-based fix-and-follow grading system assessing visual function in preverbal children

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