Can Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Be Used as a Marker of Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study in Young Adults

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a major public health issue worldwide. People are exposed to CO in their daily lives, with one of the common sources of CO being cigarette smoking. Inhalation of CO leads to elevated carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels in the blood and also in exhaled CO concentration....

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Autores principales:	Ke-Ting Pan, Giovanni S. Leonardi, Marcella Ucci, Ben Croxford
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	carbon monoxide CO half-life CO elimination cigarette smoking Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7bf8eb4d9c234663bfb7c04b98a07e1d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7bf8eb4d9c234663bfb7c04b98a07e1d2021-11-25T17:49:15ZCan Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Be Used as a Marker of Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study in Young Adults10.3390/ijerph1822118931660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/7bf8eb4d9c234663bfb7c04b98a07e1d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/11893https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a major public health issue worldwide. People are exposed to CO in their daily lives, with one of the common sources of CO being cigarette smoking. Inhalation of CO leads to elevated carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels in the blood and also in exhaled CO concentration. Several factors have been shown to affect COHb concentration and COHb half-life. However, factors affecting exhaled CO concentration and exhaled CO half-life are not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the potential factors related to baseline exhaled CO concentration and exhaled CO half-life among smokers. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 26 January and 30 June 2019, and young adults were recruited into the study. A total of 74 participants (mean age: 27.1 years, 71.6% males and 28.4% females) attended the study. They were invited to complete a questionnaire, including demographic, physiological, and behavioural factors. Then, exhaled CO measurements were taken. These measurements were taken before and after smoking a single cigarette for smokers and only once for non-smokers. The average baseline exhaled CO concentration was 6.9 ± 4.9 ppm for smokers and 1.9 ± 0.5 ppm for non-smokers. The mean of exhaled CO half-life was around 273.3 min (4.6 h) for smokers. No difference was seen in exhaled CO half-life between light smokers and heavy smokers in the smoking group. Gender and cigarettes smoked weekly affected baseline exhaled CO in smokers. Even though height seemed to positively associate with exhaled CO half-life, the relationship disappeared when adjusting by gender and weight. Therefore, exhaled CO could be used as a marker of CO exposure, but we cannot ignore the factors mentioned in the study. For future study, considering factors related to smoking habits and smoking style are recommended as these may affect total inhaled CO.Ke-Ting PanGiovanni S. LeonardiMarcella UcciBen CroxfordMDPI AGarticlecarbon monoxideCO half-lifeCO eliminationcigarettesmokingMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11893, p 11893 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	carbon monoxide CO half-life CO elimination cigarette smoking Medicine R
spellingShingle	carbon monoxide CO half-life CO elimination cigarette smoking Medicine R Ke-Ting Pan Giovanni S. Leonardi Marcella Ucci Ben Croxford Can Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Be Used as a Marker of Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study in Young Adults
description	Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a major public health issue worldwide. People are exposed to CO in their daily lives, with one of the common sources of CO being cigarette smoking. Inhalation of CO leads to elevated carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels in the blood and also in exhaled CO concentration. Several factors have been shown to affect COHb concentration and COHb half-life. However, factors affecting exhaled CO concentration and exhaled CO half-life are not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the potential factors related to baseline exhaled CO concentration and exhaled CO half-life among smokers. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 26 January and 30 June 2019, and young adults were recruited into the study. A total of 74 participants (mean age: 27.1 years, 71.6% males and 28.4% females) attended the study. They were invited to complete a questionnaire, including demographic, physiological, and behavioural factors. Then, exhaled CO measurements were taken. These measurements were taken before and after smoking a single cigarette for smokers and only once for non-smokers. The average baseline exhaled CO concentration was 6.9 ± 4.9 ppm for smokers and 1.9 ± 0.5 ppm for non-smokers. The mean of exhaled CO half-life was around 273.3 min (4.6 h) for smokers. No difference was seen in exhaled CO half-life between light smokers and heavy smokers in the smoking group. Gender and cigarettes smoked weekly affected baseline exhaled CO in smokers. Even though height seemed to positively associate with exhaled CO half-life, the relationship disappeared when adjusting by gender and weight. Therefore, exhaled CO could be used as a marker of CO exposure, but we cannot ignore the factors mentioned in the study. For future study, considering factors related to smoking habits and smoking style are recommended as these may affect total inhaled CO.
format	article
author	Ke-Ting Pan Giovanni S. Leonardi Marcella Ucci Ben Croxford
author_facet	Ke-Ting Pan Giovanni S. Leonardi Marcella Ucci Ben Croxford
author_sort	Ke-Ting Pan
title	Can Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Be Used as a Marker of Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study in Young Adults
title_short	Can Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Be Used as a Marker of Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study in Young Adults
title_full	Can Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Be Used as a Marker of Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study in Young Adults
title_fullStr	Can Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Be Used as a Marker of Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study in Young Adults
title_full_unstemmed	Can Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Be Used as a Marker of Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study in Young Adults
title_sort	can exhaled carbon monoxide be used as a marker of exposure? a cross-sectional study in young adults
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7bf8eb4d9c234663bfb7c04b98a07e1d
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Can Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Be Used as a Marker of Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study in Young Adults

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