The Antiviral Activity of Bacterial, Fungal, and Algal Polysaccharides as Bioactive Ingredients: Potential Uses for Enhancing Immune Systems and Preventing Viruses

Viral infections may cause serious human diseases. For instance, the recent appearance of the novel virus, SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, has spread globally and is a serious public health concern. The consumption of healthy, proper, functional, and nutrient-rich foods has an important role in enhanc...

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Autores principales:	Worraprat Chaisuwan, Yuthana Phimolsiripol, Thanongsak Chaiyaso, Charin Techapun, Noppol Leksawasdi, Kittisak Jantanasakulwong, Pornchai Rachtanapun, Sutee Wangtueai, Sarana Rose Sommano, SangGuan You, Joe M. Regenstein, Francisco J. Barba, Phisit Seesuriyachan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	sulfated polysaccharides immunomodulation SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 antiviral activity Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7efe64cf7ea945ce83385be509d81ac1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7efe64cf7ea945ce83385be509d81ac12021-11-05T14:41:58ZThe Antiviral Activity of Bacterial, Fungal, and Algal Polysaccharides as Bioactive Ingredients: Potential Uses for Enhancing Immune Systems and Preventing Viruses2296-861X10.3389/fnut.2021.772033https://doaj.org/article/7efe64cf7ea945ce83385be509d81ac12021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.772033/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-861XViral infections may cause serious human diseases. For instance, the recent appearance of the novel virus, SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, has spread globally and is a serious public health concern. The consumption of healthy, proper, functional, and nutrient-rich foods has an important role in enhancing an individual's immune system and preventing viral infections. Several polysaccharides from natural sources such as algae, bacteria, and fungi have been considered as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration. They are safe, low-toxicity, biodegradable, and have biological activities. In this review, the bioactive polysaccharides derived from various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae were evaluated. Antiviral mechanisms of these polysaccharides were discussed. Finally, the potential use of microbial and algal polysaccharides as an antiviral and immune boosting strategy was addressed. The microbial polysaccharides exhibited several bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities. Some microbes are able to produce sulfated polysaccharides, which are well-known to exert a board spectrum of biological activities, especially antiviral properties. Microbial polysaccharide can inhibit various viruses using different mechanisms. Furthermore, these microbial polysaccharides are also able to modulate immune responses to prevent and/or inhibit virus infections. There are many molecular factors influencing their bioactivities, e.g., functional groups, conformations, compositions, and molecular weight. At this stage of development, microbial polysaccharides will be used as adjuvants, nutrient supplements, and for drug delivery to prevent several virus infections, especially SARS-CoV-2 infection.Worraprat ChaisuwanWorraprat ChaisuwanYuthana PhimolsiripolYuthana PhimolsiripolThanongsak ChaiyasoThanongsak ChaiyasoCharin TechapunCharin TechapunNoppol LeksawasdiNoppol LeksawasdiKittisak JantanasakulwongKittisak JantanasakulwongPornchai RachtanapunPornchai RachtanapunSutee WangtueaiSutee WangtueaiSarana Rose SommanoSarana Rose SommanoSangGuan YouJoe M. RegensteinFrancisco J. BarbaPhisit SeesuriyachanPhisit SeesuriyachanFrontiers Media S.A.articlesulfated polysaccharidesimmunomodulationSARS-CoV-2COVID-19antiviral activityNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENFrontiers in Nutrition, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	sulfated polysaccharides immunomodulation SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 antiviral activity Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	sulfated polysaccharides immunomodulation SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 antiviral activity Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Worraprat Chaisuwan Worraprat Chaisuwan Yuthana Phimolsiripol Yuthana Phimolsiripol Thanongsak Chaiyaso Thanongsak Chaiyaso Charin Techapun Charin Techapun Noppol Leksawasdi Noppol Leksawasdi Kittisak Jantanasakulwong Kittisak Jantanasakulwong Pornchai Rachtanapun Pornchai Rachtanapun Sutee Wangtueai Sutee Wangtueai Sarana Rose Sommano Sarana Rose Sommano SangGuan You Joe M. Regenstein Francisco J. Barba Phisit Seesuriyachan Phisit Seesuriyachan The Antiviral Activity of Bacterial, Fungal, and Algal Polysaccharides as Bioactive Ingredients: Potential Uses for Enhancing Immune Systems and Preventing Viruses
description	Viral infections may cause serious human diseases. For instance, the recent appearance of the novel virus, SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, has spread globally and is a serious public health concern. The consumption of healthy, proper, functional, and nutrient-rich foods has an important role in enhancing an individual's immune system and preventing viral infections. Several polysaccharides from natural sources such as algae, bacteria, and fungi have been considered as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration. They are safe, low-toxicity, biodegradable, and have biological activities. In this review, the bioactive polysaccharides derived from various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae were evaluated. Antiviral mechanisms of these polysaccharides were discussed. Finally, the potential use of microbial and algal polysaccharides as an antiviral and immune boosting strategy was addressed. The microbial polysaccharides exhibited several bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities. Some microbes are able to produce sulfated polysaccharides, which are well-known to exert a board spectrum of biological activities, especially antiviral properties. Microbial polysaccharide can inhibit various viruses using different mechanisms. Furthermore, these microbial polysaccharides are also able to modulate immune responses to prevent and/or inhibit virus infections. There are many molecular factors influencing their bioactivities, e.g., functional groups, conformations, compositions, and molecular weight. At this stage of development, microbial polysaccharides will be used as adjuvants, nutrient supplements, and for drug delivery to prevent several virus infections, especially SARS-CoV-2 infection.
format	article
author	Worraprat Chaisuwan Worraprat Chaisuwan Yuthana Phimolsiripol Yuthana Phimolsiripol Thanongsak Chaiyaso Thanongsak Chaiyaso Charin Techapun Charin Techapun Noppol Leksawasdi Noppol Leksawasdi Kittisak Jantanasakulwong Kittisak Jantanasakulwong Pornchai Rachtanapun Pornchai Rachtanapun Sutee Wangtueai Sutee Wangtueai Sarana Rose Sommano Sarana Rose Sommano SangGuan You Joe M. Regenstein Francisco J. Barba Phisit Seesuriyachan Phisit Seesuriyachan
author_facet	Worraprat Chaisuwan Worraprat Chaisuwan Yuthana Phimolsiripol Yuthana Phimolsiripol Thanongsak Chaiyaso Thanongsak Chaiyaso Charin Techapun Charin Techapun Noppol Leksawasdi Noppol Leksawasdi Kittisak Jantanasakulwong Kittisak Jantanasakulwong Pornchai Rachtanapun Pornchai Rachtanapun Sutee Wangtueai Sutee Wangtueai Sarana Rose Sommano Sarana Rose Sommano SangGuan You Joe M. Regenstein Francisco J. Barba Phisit Seesuriyachan Phisit Seesuriyachan
author_sort	Worraprat Chaisuwan
title	The Antiviral Activity of Bacterial, Fungal, and Algal Polysaccharides as Bioactive Ingredients: Potential Uses for Enhancing Immune Systems and Preventing Viruses
title_short	The Antiviral Activity of Bacterial, Fungal, and Algal Polysaccharides as Bioactive Ingredients: Potential Uses for Enhancing Immune Systems and Preventing Viruses
title_full	The Antiviral Activity of Bacterial, Fungal, and Algal Polysaccharides as Bioactive Ingredients: Potential Uses for Enhancing Immune Systems and Preventing Viruses
title_fullStr	The Antiviral Activity of Bacterial, Fungal, and Algal Polysaccharides as Bioactive Ingredients: Potential Uses for Enhancing Immune Systems and Preventing Viruses
title_full_unstemmed	The Antiviral Activity of Bacterial, Fungal, and Algal Polysaccharides as Bioactive Ingredients: Potential Uses for Enhancing Immune Systems and Preventing Viruses
title_sort	antiviral activity of bacterial, fungal, and algal polysaccharides as bioactive ingredients: potential uses for enhancing immune systems and preventing viruses
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7efe64cf7ea945ce83385be509d81ac1
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The Antiviral Activity of Bacterial, Fungal, and Algal Polysaccharides as Bioactive Ingredients: Potential Uses for Enhancing Immune Systems and Preventing Viruses

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