Rho/ROCK Pathway and Noncoding RNAs: Implications in Ischemic Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury

Ischemic strokes (IS) and spinal cord injuries (SCI) are major causes of disability. RhoA is a small GTPase protein that activates a downstream effector, ROCK. The up-regulation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway contributes to neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, astroglios...

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Autores principales:	Tetsu Kimura, Yuta Horikoshi, Chika Kuriyagawa, Yukitoshi Niiyama
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	stroke spinal cord injury Rho Rho kinase noncoding RNA apoptosis Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/825ffe2bb9ec48eb8412a7d27adc8b16
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:825ffe2bb9ec48eb8412a7d27adc8b162021-11-11T17:03:22ZRho/ROCK Pathway and Noncoding RNAs: Implications in Ischemic Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury10.3390/ijms2221115731422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/825ffe2bb9ec48eb8412a7d27adc8b162021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11573https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Ischemic strokes (IS) and spinal cord injuries (SCI) are major causes of disability. RhoA is a small GTPase protein that activates a downstream effector, ROCK. The up-regulation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway contributes to neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, astrogliosis, and axon growth inhibition in IS and SCI. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), were previously considered to be non-functional. However, they have attracted much attention because they play an essential role in regulating gene expression in physiological and pathological conditions. There is growing evidence that ROCK inhibitors, such as fasudil and VX-210, can reduce injury in IS and SCI in animal models and clinical trials. Recently, it has been reported that miRNAs are decreased in IS and SCI, while lncRNAs are increased. Inhibiting the Rho/ROCK pathway with miRNAs alleviates apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and axon growth inhibition in IS and SCI. Further studies are required to explore the significance of ncRNAs in IS and SCI and to establish new strategies for preventing and treating these devastating diseases.Tetsu KimuraYuta HorikoshiChika KuriyagawaYukitoshi NiiyamaMDPI AGarticlestrokespinal cord injuryRhoRho kinasenoncoding RNAapoptosisBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11573, p 11573 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	stroke spinal cord injury Rho Rho kinase noncoding RNA apoptosis Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	stroke spinal cord injury Rho Rho kinase noncoding RNA apoptosis Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Tetsu Kimura Yuta Horikoshi Chika Kuriyagawa Yukitoshi Niiyama Rho/ROCK Pathway and Noncoding RNAs: Implications in Ischemic Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury
description	Ischemic strokes (IS) and spinal cord injuries (SCI) are major causes of disability. RhoA is a small GTPase protein that activates a downstream effector, ROCK. The up-regulation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway contributes to neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, astrogliosis, and axon growth inhibition in IS and SCI. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), were previously considered to be non-functional. However, they have attracted much attention because they play an essential role in regulating gene expression in physiological and pathological conditions. There is growing evidence that ROCK inhibitors, such as fasudil and VX-210, can reduce injury in IS and SCI in animal models and clinical trials. Recently, it has been reported that miRNAs are decreased in IS and SCI, while lncRNAs are increased. Inhibiting the Rho/ROCK pathway with miRNAs alleviates apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and axon growth inhibition in IS and SCI. Further studies are required to explore the significance of ncRNAs in IS and SCI and to establish new strategies for preventing and treating these devastating diseases.
format	article
author	Tetsu Kimura Yuta Horikoshi Chika Kuriyagawa Yukitoshi Niiyama
author_facet	Tetsu Kimura Yuta Horikoshi Chika Kuriyagawa Yukitoshi Niiyama
author_sort	Tetsu Kimura
title	Rho/ROCK Pathway and Noncoding RNAs: Implications in Ischemic Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury
title_short	Rho/ROCK Pathway and Noncoding RNAs: Implications in Ischemic Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury
title_full	Rho/ROCK Pathway and Noncoding RNAs: Implications in Ischemic Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury
title_fullStr	Rho/ROCK Pathway and Noncoding RNAs: Implications in Ischemic Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury
title_full_unstemmed	Rho/ROCK Pathway and Noncoding RNAs: Implications in Ischemic Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury
title_sort	rho/rock pathway and noncoding rnas: implications in ischemic stroke and spinal cord injury
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/825ffe2bb9ec48eb8412a7d27adc8b16
work_keys_str_mv	AT tetsukimura rhorockpathwayandnoncodingrnasimplicationsinischemicstrokeandspinalcordinjury AT yutahorikoshi rhorockpathwayandnoncodingrnasimplicationsinischemicstrokeandspinalcordinjury AT chikakuriyagawa rhorockpathwayandnoncodingrnasimplicationsinischemicstrokeandspinalcordinjury AT yukitoshiniiyama rhorockpathwayandnoncodingrnasimplicationsinischemicstrokeandspinalcordinjury
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Rho/ROCK Pathway and Noncoding RNAs: Implications in Ischemic Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury

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