Developmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition

Reading acquisition in alphabetic languages starts with learning the associations between speech sounds and letters. This learning process is related to crucial developmental changes of brain regions that serve visual, auditory, multisensory integration, and higher cognitive processes. Here, we stud...

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Autores principales:	Iliana I. Karipidis, Georgette Pleisch, Sarah V. Di Pietro, Gorka Fraga-González, Silvia Brem
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	audiovisual integration congruency effect dyslexia fMRI children superior temporal gyrus Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8678a83d01a7453c904cad0d6aadad76
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8678a83d01a7453c904cad0d6aadad762021-11-16T07:42:14ZDevelopmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition1664-107810.3389/fpsyg.2021.750491https://doaj.org/article/8678a83d01a7453c904cad0d6aadad762021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.750491/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078Reading acquisition in alphabetic languages starts with learning the associations between speech sounds and letters. This learning process is related to crucial developmental changes of brain regions that serve visual, auditory, multisensory integration, and higher cognitive processes. Here, we studied the development of audiovisual processing and integration of letter-speech sound pairs with an audiovisual target detection functional MRI paradigm. Using a longitudinal approach, we tested children with varying reading outcomes before the start of reading acquisition (T1, 6.5 yo), in first grade (T2, 7.5 yo), and in second grade (T3, 8.5 yo). Early audiovisual integration effects were characterized by higher activation for incongruent than congruent letter-speech sound pairs in the inferior frontal gyrus and ventral occipitotemporal cortex. Audiovisual processing in the left superior temporal gyrus significantly increased from the prereading (T1) to early reading stages (T2, T3). Region of interest analyses revealed that activation in left superior temporal gyrus (STG), inferior frontal gyrus and ventral occipitotemporal cortex increased in children with typical reading fluency skills, while poor readers did not show the same development in these regions. The incongruency effect bilaterally in parts of the STG and insular cortex at T1 was significantly associated with reading fluency skills at T3. These findings provide new insights into the development of the brain circuitry involved in audiovisual processing of letters, the building blocks of words, and reveal early markers of audiovisual integration that may be predictive of reading outcomes.Iliana I. KaripidisIliana I. KaripidisGeorgette PleischSarah V. Di PietroSarah V. Di PietroGorka Fraga-GonzálezSilvia BremSilvia BremSilvia BremFrontiers Media S.A.articleaudiovisual integrationcongruency effectdyslexiafMRIchildrensuperior temporal gyrusPsychologyBF1-990ENFrontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	audiovisual integration congruency effect dyslexia fMRI children superior temporal gyrus Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	audiovisual integration congruency effect dyslexia fMRI children superior temporal gyrus Psychology BF1-990 Iliana I. Karipidis Iliana I. Karipidis Georgette Pleisch Sarah V. Di Pietro Sarah V. Di Pietro Gorka Fraga-González Silvia Brem Silvia Brem Silvia Brem Developmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition
description	Reading acquisition in alphabetic languages starts with learning the associations between speech sounds and letters. This learning process is related to crucial developmental changes of brain regions that serve visual, auditory, multisensory integration, and higher cognitive processes. Here, we studied the development of audiovisual processing and integration of letter-speech sound pairs with an audiovisual target detection functional MRI paradigm. Using a longitudinal approach, we tested children with varying reading outcomes before the start of reading acquisition (T1, 6.5 yo), in first grade (T2, 7.5 yo), and in second grade (T3, 8.5 yo). Early audiovisual integration effects were characterized by higher activation for incongruent than congruent letter-speech sound pairs in the inferior frontal gyrus and ventral occipitotemporal cortex. Audiovisual processing in the left superior temporal gyrus significantly increased from the prereading (T1) to early reading stages (T2, T3). Region of interest analyses revealed that activation in left superior temporal gyrus (STG), inferior frontal gyrus and ventral occipitotemporal cortex increased in children with typical reading fluency skills, while poor readers did not show the same development in these regions. The incongruency effect bilaterally in parts of the STG and insular cortex at T1 was significantly associated with reading fluency skills at T3. These findings provide new insights into the development of the brain circuitry involved in audiovisual processing of letters, the building blocks of words, and reveal early markers of audiovisual integration that may be predictive of reading outcomes.
format	article
author	Iliana I. Karipidis Iliana I. Karipidis Georgette Pleisch Sarah V. Di Pietro Sarah V. Di Pietro Gorka Fraga-González Silvia Brem Silvia Brem Silvia Brem
author_facet	Iliana I. Karipidis Iliana I. Karipidis Georgette Pleisch Sarah V. Di Pietro Sarah V. Di Pietro Gorka Fraga-González Silvia Brem Silvia Brem Silvia Brem
author_sort	Iliana I. Karipidis
title	Developmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition
title_short	Developmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition
title_full	Developmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition
title_fullStr	Developmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition
title_full_unstemmed	Developmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition
title_sort	developmental trajectories of letter and speech sound integration during reading acquisition
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8678a83d01a7453c904cad0d6aadad76
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Developmental Trajectories of Letter and Speech Sound Integration During Reading Acquisition

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