Exploring implementation of a nationwide requirement to increase physical activity in the curriculum in Danish public schools: a mixed methods study

Abstract Background In 2014, the Danish Government introduced a wide-ranging school reform that applied to all public schools in Denmark. A distinctive feature of the reform was that it became mandatory to implement an average of 45 min of daily physical activity within the curriculum. Using the RE-...

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Autores principales:	Sofie Koch, Charlotte Skau Pawlowski, Thomas Skovgaard, Natascha Holbæk Pedersen, Jens Troelsen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Physical activity Implementation School setting RE-AIM Mixed methods Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/873174c230304415a01de5541a0bb0f9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:873174c230304415a01de5541a0bb0f92021-11-14T12:14:15ZExploring implementation of a nationwide requirement to increase physical activity in the curriculum in Danish public schools: a mixed methods study10.1186/s12889-021-12152-21471-2458https://doaj.org/article/873174c230304415a01de5541a0bb0f92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12152-2https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2458Abstract Background In 2014, the Danish Government introduced a wide-ranging school reform that applied to all public schools in Denmark. A distinctive feature of the reform was that it became mandatory to implement an average of 45 min of daily physical activity within the curriculum. Using the RE-AIM framework as an evaluation tool, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of mandatory physical activity within the curriculum at ten Danish schools. Methods A complementary mixed-methods approach using accelerometers, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews was conducted. A total of 10 schools were invited to participate, including 846 students, 76 teachers, and 10 school managers on various levels. Students were invited to wear an accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Teachers were invited to participate in a questionnaire, and school managers were encouraged to take part in a semi-structured interview. Results Results showed that, on average, 45.2% of the students were active at least 45 min daily within the curriculum. Teacher and school management interest in physical activity, competencies development, and shared decision-making were identified as central factors for adoption of the requirement. Scheduling physical activity within scheduels and collaborations with external parties were found to influence implementation. Finally, internal coordination, motivated school staff, and school management priority were identified as central factors for maintenance. Conclusions This study provides an evaluation on a nationwide physical activity requirement in Danish public schools. When introducing a wide-ranging nation-wide requirement on physical activity within the curriculum, school managers need to prioritize and support the implementation process. Teachers need to be involved in the decision processes in order to ensure motivation and local ownership. The study also highlights the benefits of an internal coordinator as well as development of a shared strategy among schools, municipalities, and other stakeholders in order to succeed with the implementation.Sofie KochCharlotte Skau PawlowskiThomas SkovgaardNatascha Holbæk PedersenJens TroelsenBMCarticlePhysical activityImplementationSchool settingRE-AIMMixed methodsPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENBMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Physical activity Implementation School setting RE-AIM Mixed methods Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Physical activity Implementation School setting RE-AIM Mixed methods Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Sofie Koch Charlotte Skau Pawlowski Thomas Skovgaard Natascha Holbæk Pedersen Jens Troelsen Exploring implementation of a nationwide requirement to increase physical activity in the curriculum in Danish public schools: a mixed methods study
description	Abstract Background In 2014, the Danish Government introduced a wide-ranging school reform that applied to all public schools in Denmark. A distinctive feature of the reform was that it became mandatory to implement an average of 45 min of daily physical activity within the curriculum. Using the RE-AIM framework as an evaluation tool, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of mandatory physical activity within the curriculum at ten Danish schools. Methods A complementary mixed-methods approach using accelerometers, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews was conducted. A total of 10 schools were invited to participate, including 846 students, 76 teachers, and 10 school managers on various levels. Students were invited to wear an accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Teachers were invited to participate in a questionnaire, and school managers were encouraged to take part in a semi-structured interview. Results Results showed that, on average, 45.2% of the students were active at least 45 min daily within the curriculum. Teacher and school management interest in physical activity, competencies development, and shared decision-making were identified as central factors for adoption of the requirement. Scheduling physical activity within scheduels and collaborations with external parties were found to influence implementation. Finally, internal coordination, motivated school staff, and school management priority were identified as central factors for maintenance. Conclusions This study provides an evaluation on a nationwide physical activity requirement in Danish public schools. When introducing a wide-ranging nation-wide requirement on physical activity within the curriculum, school managers need to prioritize and support the implementation process. Teachers need to be involved in the decision processes in order to ensure motivation and local ownership. The study also highlights the benefits of an internal coordinator as well as development of a shared strategy among schools, municipalities, and other stakeholders in order to succeed with the implementation.
format	article
author	Sofie Koch Charlotte Skau Pawlowski Thomas Skovgaard Natascha Holbæk Pedersen Jens Troelsen
author_facet	Sofie Koch Charlotte Skau Pawlowski Thomas Skovgaard Natascha Holbæk Pedersen Jens Troelsen
author_sort	Sofie Koch
title	Exploring implementation of a nationwide requirement to increase physical activity in the curriculum in Danish public schools: a mixed methods study
title_short	Exploring implementation of a nationwide requirement to increase physical activity in the curriculum in Danish public schools: a mixed methods study
title_full	Exploring implementation of a nationwide requirement to increase physical activity in the curriculum in Danish public schools: a mixed methods study
title_fullStr	Exploring implementation of a nationwide requirement to increase physical activity in the curriculum in Danish public schools: a mixed methods study
title_full_unstemmed	Exploring implementation of a nationwide requirement to increase physical activity in the curriculum in Danish public schools: a mixed methods study
title_sort	exploring implementation of a nationwide requirement to increase physical activity in the curriculum in danish public schools: a mixed methods study
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/873174c230304415a01de5541a0bb0f9
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Exploring implementation of a nationwide requirement to increase physical activity in the curriculum in Danish public schools: a mixed methods study

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