<i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium Content

Bacterial contamination of bovine ejaculates intended for artificial insemination may be reflected in a significant economic loss due to unsuccessful fertilization as well as health issues of the recipients. The <i>Staphylococcus</i> genus represents a large part of bacteriocenosis of bo...

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Autores principales:	Michal Ďuračka, Kamila Husarčíková, Mikuláš Jančov, Lucia Galovičová, Miroslava Kačániová, Norbert Lukáč, Eva Tvrdá
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Staphylococcus</i> sperm quality bull sperm bacteria bacterial contamination oxidative stress Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/875ef0a292964b47a55052b4a402ea5b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:875ef0a292964b47a55052b4a402ea5b2021-11-25T16:21:14Z<i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium Content10.3390/ani111133092076-2615https://doaj.org/article/875ef0a292964b47a55052b4a402ea5b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3309https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Bacterial contamination of bovine ejaculates intended for artificial insemination may be reflected in a significant economic loss due to unsuccessful fertilization as well as health issues of the recipients. The <i>Staphylococcus</i> genus represents a large part of bacteriocenosis of bovine ejaculates. Therefore, this study aims to get a closer look on the effects of <i>Staphylococcus</i>-induced bacteriospermia under in vitro conditions on bovine sperm quality. Prior to inducing bacteriospermia, spermatozoa were separated from each ejaculate using Percoll<sup>®</sup> Plus gradient medium in order to limit the effects only to the selected bacterial species. Seven <i>Staphylococcus</i> species previously isolated from bovine semen were used for our experiments at a turbidity of 0.5 McFarland (equivalent to 1.5 × 10<sup>8</sup> colony-forming units per mL). The contaminated semen samples were incubated at 37 °C and at times of 0, 2, and 4 h, motility, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, sperm DNA fragmentation, and magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) extracellular concentration were analyzed and compared with the control group (uncontaminated). The results showed no significant changes at the initial measurement. However, significant adverse effects were observed after 2 h and 4 h of incubation. Most notably, the presence of <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>S. warneri</i>, <i>S. kloosii</i>, and <i>S. cohnii</i> caused a significantly increased ROS production, leading to sperm DNA fragmentation, changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and a decreased sperm motility. Furthermore, the presence of <i>Staphylococcus</i> species led to lower extracellular concentrations of Mg and Ca. In conclusion, the overgrowth of <i>Staphylococcus</i> bacteria in bovine semen may contribute to oxidative stress resulting in sperm DNA fragmentation, altered mitochondrial membrane potential, and diminished sperm motility.Michal ĎuračkaKamila HusarčíkováMikuláš JančovLucia GalovičováMiroslava KačániováNorbert LukáčEva TvrdáMDPI AGarticle<i>Staphylococcus</i>sperm qualitybull spermbacteriabacterial contaminationoxidative stressVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3309, p 3309 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Staphylococcus</i> sperm quality bull sperm bacteria bacterial contamination oxidative stress Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	<i>Staphylococcus</i> sperm quality bull sperm bacteria bacterial contamination oxidative stress Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Michal Ďuračka Kamila Husarčíková Mikuláš Jančov Lucia Galovičová Miroslava Kačániová Norbert Lukáč Eva Tvrdá <i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium Content
description	Bacterial contamination of bovine ejaculates intended for artificial insemination may be reflected in a significant economic loss due to unsuccessful fertilization as well as health issues of the recipients. The <i>Staphylococcus</i> genus represents a large part of bacteriocenosis of bovine ejaculates. Therefore, this study aims to get a closer look on the effects of <i>Staphylococcus</i>-induced bacteriospermia under in vitro conditions on bovine sperm quality. Prior to inducing bacteriospermia, spermatozoa were separated from each ejaculate using Percoll<sup>®</sup> Plus gradient medium in order to limit the effects only to the selected bacterial species. Seven <i>Staphylococcus</i> species previously isolated from bovine semen were used for our experiments at a turbidity of 0.5 McFarland (equivalent to 1.5 × 10<sup>8</sup> colony-forming units per mL). The contaminated semen samples were incubated at 37 °C and at times of 0, 2, and 4 h, motility, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, sperm DNA fragmentation, and magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) extracellular concentration were analyzed and compared with the control group (uncontaminated). The results showed no significant changes at the initial measurement. However, significant adverse effects were observed after 2 h and 4 h of incubation. Most notably, the presence of <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>S. warneri</i>, <i>S. kloosii</i>, and <i>S. cohnii</i> caused a significantly increased ROS production, leading to sperm DNA fragmentation, changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and a decreased sperm motility. Furthermore, the presence of <i>Staphylococcus</i> species led to lower extracellular concentrations of Mg and Ca. In conclusion, the overgrowth of <i>Staphylococcus</i> bacteria in bovine semen may contribute to oxidative stress resulting in sperm DNA fragmentation, altered mitochondrial membrane potential, and diminished sperm motility.
format	article
author	Michal Ďuračka Kamila Husarčíková Mikuláš Jančov Lucia Galovičová Miroslava Kačániová Norbert Lukáč Eva Tvrdá
author_facet	Michal Ďuračka Kamila Husarčíková Mikuláš Jančov Lucia Galovičová Miroslava Kačániová Norbert Lukáč Eva Tvrdá
author_sort	Michal Ďuračka
title	<i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium Content
title_short	<i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium Content
title_full	<i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium Content
title_fullStr	<i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium Content
title_full_unstemmed	<i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium Content
title_sort	<i>staphylococcus</i>-induced bacteriospermia in vitro: consequences on the bovine spermatozoa quality, extracellular calcium and magnesium content
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/875ef0a292964b47a55052b4a402ea5b
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<i>Staphylococcus</i>-Induced Bacteriospermia In Vitro: Consequences on the Bovine Spermatozoa Quality, Extracellular Calcium and Magnesium Content

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