The formation of the Bicoid morphogen gradient requires protein movement from anteriorly localized mRNA.

The Bicoid morphogen gradient directs the patterning of cell fates along the anterior-posterior axis of the syncytial Drosophila embryo and serves as a paradigm of morphogen-mediated patterning. The simplest models of gradient formation rely on constant protein synthesis and diffusion from anteriorl...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Shawn C Little, Gašper Tkačik, Thomas B Kneeland, Eric F Wieschaus, Thomas Gregor
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/88d21b9df7364cb2b41c0b3f1e3fe70b
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:88d21b9df7364cb2b41c0b3f1e3fe70b
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:88d21b9df7364cb2b41c0b3f1e3fe70b2021-11-18T05:36:19ZThe formation of the Bicoid morphogen gradient requires protein movement from anteriorly localized mRNA.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.1000596https://doaj.org/article/88d21b9df7364cb2b41c0b3f1e3fe70b2011-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21390295/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885The Bicoid morphogen gradient directs the patterning of cell fates along the anterior-posterior axis of the syncytial Drosophila embryo and serves as a paradigm of morphogen-mediated patterning. The simplest models of gradient formation rely on constant protein synthesis and diffusion from anteriorly localized source mRNA, coupled with uniform protein degradation. However, currently such models cannot account for all known gradient characteristics. Recent work has proposed that bicoid mRNA spatial distribution is sufficient to produce the observed protein gradient, minimizing the role of protein transport. Here, we adapt a novel method of fluorescent in situ hybridization to quantify the global spatio-temporal dynamics of bicoid mRNA particles. We determine that >90% of all bicoid mRNA is continuously present within the anterior 20% of the embryo. bicoid mRNA distribution along the body axis remains nearly unchanged despite dynamic mRNA translocation from the embryo core to the cortex. To evaluate the impact of mRNA distribution on protein gradient dynamics, we provide detailed quantitative measurements of nuclear Bicoid levels during the formation of the protein gradient. We find that gradient establishment begins 45 minutes after fertilization and that the gradient requires about 50 minutes to reach peak levels. In numerical simulations of gradient formation, we find that incorporating the actual bicoid mRNA distribution yields a closer prediction of the observed protein dynamics compared to modeling protein production from a point source at the anterior pole. We conclude that the spatial distribution of bicoid mRNA contributes to, but cannot account for, protein gradient formation, and therefore that protein movement, either active or passive, is required for gradient formation.Shawn C LittleGašper TkačikThomas B KneelandEric F WieschausThomas GregorPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 9, Iss 3, p e1000596 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Shawn C Little Gašper Tkačik Thomas B Kneeland Eric F Wieschaus Thomas Gregor The formation of the Bicoid morphogen gradient requires protein movement from anteriorly localized mRNA.
description	The Bicoid morphogen gradient directs the patterning of cell fates along the anterior-posterior axis of the syncytial Drosophila embryo and serves as a paradigm of morphogen-mediated patterning. The simplest models of gradient formation rely on constant protein synthesis and diffusion from anteriorly localized source mRNA, coupled with uniform protein degradation. However, currently such models cannot account for all known gradient characteristics. Recent work has proposed that bicoid mRNA spatial distribution is sufficient to produce the observed protein gradient, minimizing the role of protein transport. Here, we adapt a novel method of fluorescent in situ hybridization to quantify the global spatio-temporal dynamics of bicoid mRNA particles. We determine that >90% of all bicoid mRNA is continuously present within the anterior 20% of the embryo. bicoid mRNA distribution along the body axis remains nearly unchanged despite dynamic mRNA translocation from the embryo core to the cortex. To evaluate the impact of mRNA distribution on protein gradient dynamics, we provide detailed quantitative measurements of nuclear Bicoid levels during the formation of the protein gradient. We find that gradient establishment begins 45 minutes after fertilization and that the gradient requires about 50 minutes to reach peak levels. In numerical simulations of gradient formation, we find that incorporating the actual bicoid mRNA distribution yields a closer prediction of the observed protein dynamics compared to modeling protein production from a point source at the anterior pole. We conclude that the spatial distribution of bicoid mRNA contributes to, but cannot account for, protein gradient formation, and therefore that protein movement, either active or passive, is required for gradient formation.
format	article
author	Shawn C Little Gašper Tkačik Thomas B Kneeland Eric F Wieschaus Thomas Gregor
author_facet	Shawn C Little Gašper Tkačik Thomas B Kneeland Eric F Wieschaus Thomas Gregor
author_sort	Shawn C Little
title	The formation of the Bicoid morphogen gradient requires protein movement from anteriorly localized mRNA.
title_short	The formation of the Bicoid morphogen gradient requires protein movement from anteriorly localized mRNA.
title_full	The formation of the Bicoid morphogen gradient requires protein movement from anteriorly localized mRNA.
title_fullStr	The formation of the Bicoid morphogen gradient requires protein movement from anteriorly localized mRNA.
title_full_unstemmed	The formation of the Bicoid morphogen gradient requires protein movement from anteriorly localized mRNA.
title_sort	formation of the bicoid morphogen gradient requires protein movement from anteriorly localized mrna.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/88d21b9df7364cb2b41c0b3f1e3fe70b
work_keys_str_mv	AT shawnclittle theformationofthebicoidmorphogengradientrequiresproteinmovementfromanteriorlylocalizedmrna AT gaspertkacik theformationofthebicoidmorphogengradientrequiresproteinmovementfromanteriorlylocalizedmrna AT thomasbkneeland theformationofthebicoidmorphogengradientrequiresproteinmovementfromanteriorlylocalizedmrna AT ericfwieschaus theformationofthebicoidmorphogengradientrequiresproteinmovementfromanteriorlylocalizedmrna AT thomasgregor theformationofthebicoidmorphogengradientrequiresproteinmovementfromanteriorlylocalizedmrna AT shawnclittle formationofthebicoidmorphogengradientrequiresproteinmovementfromanteriorlylocalizedmrna AT gaspertkacik formationofthebicoidmorphogengradientrequiresproteinmovementfromanteriorlylocalizedmrna AT thomasbkneeland formationofthebicoidmorphogengradientrequiresproteinmovementfromanteriorlylocalizedmrna AT ericfwieschaus formationofthebicoidmorphogengradientrequiresproteinmovementfromanteriorlylocalizedmrna AT thomasgregor formationofthebicoidmorphogengradientrequiresproteinmovementfromanteriorlylocalizedmrna
_version_	1718424924461203456

The formation of the Bicoid morphogen gradient requires protein movement from anteriorly localized mRNA.

Ejemplares similares