Roles for the 8-Oxoguanine DNA Repair System in Protecting Telomeres From Oxidative Stress

Telomeres are protective nucleoprotein structures that cap linear chromosome ends and safeguard genome stability. Progressive telomere shortening at each somatic cell division eventually leads to critically short and dysfunctional telomeres, which can contribute to either cellular senescence and agi...

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Autores principales:	Mariarosaria De Rosa, Samuel A. Johnson, Patricia L. Opresko
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Telomeres oxidative stress 8-oxoguanine Base excision repair Telomerase Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/912a1ffc65cb4bdba2c68957eb4daf07
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:912a1ffc65cb4bdba2c68957eb4daf072021-11-19T06:05:57ZRoles for the 8-Oxoguanine DNA Repair System in Protecting Telomeres From Oxidative Stress2296-634X10.3389/fcell.2021.758402https://doaj.org/article/912a1ffc65cb4bdba2c68957eb4daf072021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.758402/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-634XTelomeres are protective nucleoprotein structures that cap linear chromosome ends and safeguard genome stability. Progressive telomere shortening at each somatic cell division eventually leads to critically short and dysfunctional telomeres, which can contribute to either cellular senescence and aging, or tumorigenesis. Human reproductive cells, some stem cells, and most cancer cells, express the enzyme telomerase to restore telomeric DNA. Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress caused by excess reactive oxygen species is associated with accelerated telomere shortening and dysfunction. Telomeric repeat sequences are remarkably susceptible to oxidative damage and are preferred sites for the production of the mutagenic base lesion 8-oxoguanine, which can alter telomere length homeostasis and integrity. Therefore, knowledge of the repair pathways involved in the processing of 8-oxoguanine at telomeres is important for advancing understanding of the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases and cancer associated with telomere instability. The highly conserved guanine oxidation (GO) system involves three specialized enzymes that initiate distinct pathways to specifically mitigate the adverse effects of 8-oxoguanine. Here we introduce the GO system and review the studies focused on investigating how telomeric 8-oxoguanine processing affects telomere integrity and overall genome stability. We also discuss newly developed technologies that target oxidative damage selectively to telomeres to investigate roles for the GO system in telomere stability.Mariarosaria De RosaSamuel A. JohnsonPatricia L. OpreskoFrontiers Media S.A.articleTelomeresoxidative stress8-oxoguanineBase excision repairTelomeraseBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENFrontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Telomeres oxidative stress 8-oxoguanine Base excision repair Telomerase Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Telomeres oxidative stress 8-oxoguanine Base excision repair Telomerase Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Mariarosaria De Rosa Samuel A. Johnson Patricia L. Opresko Roles for the 8-Oxoguanine DNA Repair System in Protecting Telomeres From Oxidative Stress
description	Telomeres are protective nucleoprotein structures that cap linear chromosome ends and safeguard genome stability. Progressive telomere shortening at each somatic cell division eventually leads to critically short and dysfunctional telomeres, which can contribute to either cellular senescence and aging, or tumorigenesis. Human reproductive cells, some stem cells, and most cancer cells, express the enzyme telomerase to restore telomeric DNA. Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress caused by excess reactive oxygen species is associated with accelerated telomere shortening and dysfunction. Telomeric repeat sequences are remarkably susceptible to oxidative damage and are preferred sites for the production of the mutagenic base lesion 8-oxoguanine, which can alter telomere length homeostasis and integrity. Therefore, knowledge of the repair pathways involved in the processing of 8-oxoguanine at telomeres is important for advancing understanding of the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases and cancer associated with telomere instability. The highly conserved guanine oxidation (GO) system involves three specialized enzymes that initiate distinct pathways to specifically mitigate the adverse effects of 8-oxoguanine. Here we introduce the GO system and review the studies focused on investigating how telomeric 8-oxoguanine processing affects telomere integrity and overall genome stability. We also discuss newly developed technologies that target oxidative damage selectively to telomeres to investigate roles for the GO system in telomere stability.
format	article
author	Mariarosaria De Rosa Samuel A. Johnson Patricia L. Opresko
author_facet	Mariarosaria De Rosa Samuel A. Johnson Patricia L. Opresko
author_sort	Mariarosaria De Rosa
title	Roles for the 8-Oxoguanine DNA Repair System in Protecting Telomeres From Oxidative Stress
title_short	Roles for the 8-Oxoguanine DNA Repair System in Protecting Telomeres From Oxidative Stress
title_full	Roles for the 8-Oxoguanine DNA Repair System in Protecting Telomeres From Oxidative Stress
title_fullStr	Roles for the 8-Oxoguanine DNA Repair System in Protecting Telomeres From Oxidative Stress
title_full_unstemmed	Roles for the 8-Oxoguanine DNA Repair System in Protecting Telomeres From Oxidative Stress
title_sort	roles for the 8-oxoguanine dna repair system in protecting telomeres from oxidative stress
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/912a1ffc65cb4bdba2c68957eb4daf07
work_keys_str_mv	AT mariarosariaderosa rolesforthe8oxoguaninednarepairsysteminprotectingtelomeresfromoxidativestress AT samuelajohnson rolesforthe8oxoguaninednarepairsysteminprotectingtelomeresfromoxidativestress AT patricialopresko rolesforthe8oxoguaninednarepairsysteminprotectingtelomeresfromoxidativestress
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Roles for the 8-Oxoguanine DNA Repair System in Protecting Telomeres From Oxidative Stress

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