Repeated MDA5 Gene Loss in Birds: An Evolutionary Perspective

Two key cytosolic receptors belonging to the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) family sense the viral RNA-derived danger signals: RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5). Their activation establishes an antiviral state by downstream signaling that ulti...

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Autores principales:	Veronika Krchlíková, Tomáš Hron, Martin Těšický, Tao Li, Jiří Hejnar, Michal Vinkler, Daniel Elleder
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	avian genome viral sensors innate immunity gene loss Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/adae4be633d8474f9112743fb8ad7896
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:adae4be633d8474f9112743fb8ad78962021-11-25T19:12:33ZRepeated MDA5 Gene Loss in Birds: An Evolutionary Perspective10.3390/v131121311999-4915https://doaj.org/article/adae4be633d8474f9112743fb8ad78962021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2131https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915Two key cytosolic receptors belonging to the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) family sense the viral RNA-derived danger signals: RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5). Their activation establishes an antiviral state by downstream signaling that ultimately activates interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). While in rare cases <i>RIG-I</i> gene loss has been detected in mammalian and avian species, most notably in the chicken, <i>MDA5</i> pseudogenization has only been detected once in mammals. We have screened over a hundred publicly available avian genome sequences and describe an independent disruption of <i>MDA5</i> in two unrelated avian lineages, the storks (Ciconiiformes) and the rallids (Gruiformes). The results of our RELAX analysis confirmed the absence of negative selection in the <i>MDA5</i> pseudogene. In contrast to our prediction, we have shown, using multiple dN/dS-based approaches, that the <i>MDA5</i> loss does not appear to have resulted in any compensatory evolution in the <i>RIG-I</i> gene, which may partially share its ligand-binding specificity. Together, our results indicate that the <i>MDA5</i> pseudogenization may have important functional effects on immune responsiveness in these two avian clades.Veronika KrchlíkováTomáš HronMartin TěšickýTao LiJiří HejnarMichal VinklerDaniel EllederMDPI AGarticleavian genomeviral sensorsinnate immunitygene lossMicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2131, p 2131 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	avian genome viral sensors innate immunity gene loss Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	avian genome viral sensors innate immunity gene loss Microbiology QR1-502 Veronika Krchlíková Tomáš Hron Martin Těšický Tao Li Jiří Hejnar Michal Vinkler Daniel Elleder Repeated MDA5 Gene Loss in Birds: An Evolutionary Perspective
description	Two key cytosolic receptors belonging to the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) family sense the viral RNA-derived danger signals: RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5). Their activation establishes an antiviral state by downstream signaling that ultimately activates interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). While in rare cases <i>RIG-I</i> gene loss has been detected in mammalian and avian species, most notably in the chicken, <i>MDA5</i> pseudogenization has only been detected once in mammals. We have screened over a hundred publicly available avian genome sequences and describe an independent disruption of <i>MDA5</i> in two unrelated avian lineages, the storks (Ciconiiformes) and the rallids (Gruiformes). The results of our RELAX analysis confirmed the absence of negative selection in the <i>MDA5</i> pseudogene. In contrast to our prediction, we have shown, using multiple dN/dS-based approaches, that the <i>MDA5</i> loss does not appear to have resulted in any compensatory evolution in the <i>RIG-I</i> gene, which may partially share its ligand-binding specificity. Together, our results indicate that the <i>MDA5</i> pseudogenization may have important functional effects on immune responsiveness in these two avian clades.
format	article
author	Veronika Krchlíková Tomáš Hron Martin Těšický Tao Li Jiří Hejnar Michal Vinkler Daniel Elleder
author_facet	Veronika Krchlíková Tomáš Hron Martin Těšický Tao Li Jiří Hejnar Michal Vinkler Daniel Elleder
author_sort	Veronika Krchlíková
title	Repeated MDA5 Gene Loss in Birds: An Evolutionary Perspective
title_short	Repeated MDA5 Gene Loss in Birds: An Evolutionary Perspective
title_full	Repeated MDA5 Gene Loss in Birds: An Evolutionary Perspective
title_fullStr	Repeated MDA5 Gene Loss in Birds: An Evolutionary Perspective
title_full_unstemmed	Repeated MDA5 Gene Loss in Birds: An Evolutionary Perspective
title_sort	repeated mda5 gene loss in birds: an evolutionary perspective
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/adae4be633d8474f9112743fb8ad7896
work_keys_str_mv	AT veronikakrchlikova repeatedmda5genelossinbirdsanevolutionaryperspective AT tomashron repeatedmda5genelossinbirdsanevolutionaryperspective AT martintesicky repeatedmda5genelossinbirdsanevolutionaryperspective AT taoli repeatedmda5genelossinbirdsanevolutionaryperspective AT jirihejnar repeatedmda5genelossinbirdsanevolutionaryperspective AT michalvinkler repeatedmda5genelossinbirdsanevolutionaryperspective AT danielelleder repeatedmda5genelossinbirdsanevolutionaryperspective
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Repeated MDA5 Gene Loss in Birds: An Evolutionary Perspective

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