ACCEPTIVE IMMUNITY — A BASIS FOR SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS

Review covers modern data on relationships of normal intestinal microbiota and immune system. Possibility to maintain the residence of large numbers of symbiotic bateria at mucosal surfaces of the body is regarded as a separate and independent immunological function named acceptive immunity. Basic e...

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Autor principal:	E. P. Kisseleva
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	RU
Publicado:	Sankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pastera 2015
Materias:	normal microbiota mucosal immunity pattern-recognition receptors epithelium tolerance symbiosis Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/add358eace224ac5b03773b660957131
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:add358eace224ac5b03773b6609571312021-11-22T07:09:47ZACCEPTIVE IMMUNITY — A BASIS FOR SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS2220-76192313-739810.15789/2220-7619-2015-2-113-130https://doaj.org/article/add358eace224ac5b03773b6609571312015-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/292https://doaj.org/toc/2220-7619https://doaj.org/toc/2313-7398Review covers modern data on relationships of normal intestinal microbiota and immune system. Possibility to maintain the residence of large numbers of symbiotic bateria at mucosal surfaces of the body is regarded as a separate and independent immunological function named acceptive immunity. Basic effector arms of protective (defense against pathogens) and acceptive immunity (symbiotic relationships) are compared. Acceptive immunity differs from protective one in the absence of inflammation where all complex of immune reactions occurs in the context of physiological process. Several homeostatic mechanisms that provide crosstalk with symbiotic bacteria at the epithelial surfaces, innate and adaptive immunity are described. The main immunological strategies towards symbiotic bacteria are support of microbial community from one hand, and providing of host defense, from the other hand. The key step of this interaction is sensing of soluble microbial products via pattern-recognition receptors on the host cells. Basic innate immune response consists of mucus production and synthesis of antimicrobial peptides by barrier epithelial cells as well as maintenance of specific anti-inflammatory microenvironment. The main adaptive response is synthesis of secretory immunoglobulin A that is produced to the intestinal lumen and interacts with bacteria. At the same time, immunoglobulin A does not make any damage for commensals. Moreover this factor plays important role in symbiotic relationships. The following promicrobial functions of immunoglobulin A are suggested: participation in biofilm formation, discrimination of intestinal bacteria for fixed and free-living populations as well as facilitation of microbial transport through M cells. Mucosal homeostasis is supported by the development of immunological tolerance with participation of T regulatory cells. Main mechanisms of the development and maintenance of specific tolerance towards antigens of normal microbiota are discussed. Modern data on the participation of two main populations of T-regulatory cells are cited — thymic cells and cells induced in periphery. It is now accepted, that development of specific tolerance to microbial and food antigens plays important role in prevention of autoimmune and allergic diseases.E. P. KisselevaSankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pasteraarticlenormal microbiotamucosal immunitypattern-recognition receptorsepitheliumtolerancesymbiosisInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216RUInfekciâ i Immunitet, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 113-130 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	RU
topic	normal microbiota mucosal immunity pattern-recognition receptors epithelium tolerance symbiosis Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	normal microbiota mucosal immunity pattern-recognition receptors epithelium tolerance symbiosis Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 E. P. Kisseleva ACCEPTIVE IMMUNITY — A BASIS FOR SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
description	Review covers modern data on relationships of normal intestinal microbiota and immune system. Possibility to maintain the residence of large numbers of symbiotic bateria at mucosal surfaces of the body is regarded as a separate and independent immunological function named acceptive immunity. Basic effector arms of protective (defense against pathogens) and acceptive immunity (symbiotic relationships) are compared. Acceptive immunity differs from protective one in the absence of inflammation where all complex of immune reactions occurs in the context of physiological process. Several homeostatic mechanisms that provide crosstalk with symbiotic bacteria at the epithelial surfaces, innate and adaptive immunity are described. The main immunological strategies towards symbiotic bacteria are support of microbial community from one hand, and providing of host defense, from the other hand. The key step of this interaction is sensing of soluble microbial products via pattern-recognition receptors on the host cells. Basic innate immune response consists of mucus production and synthesis of antimicrobial peptides by barrier epithelial cells as well as maintenance of specific anti-inflammatory microenvironment. The main adaptive response is synthesis of secretory immunoglobulin A that is produced to the intestinal lumen and interacts with bacteria. At the same time, immunoglobulin A does not make any damage for commensals. Moreover this factor plays important role in symbiotic relationships. The following promicrobial functions of immunoglobulin A are suggested: participation in biofilm formation, discrimination of intestinal bacteria for fixed and free-living populations as well as facilitation of microbial transport through M cells. Mucosal homeostasis is supported by the development of immunological tolerance with participation of T regulatory cells. Main mechanisms of the development and maintenance of specific tolerance towards antigens of normal microbiota are discussed. Modern data on the participation of two main populations of T-regulatory cells are cited — thymic cells and cells induced in periphery. It is now accepted, that development of specific tolerance to microbial and food antigens plays important role in prevention of autoimmune and allergic diseases.
format	article
author	E. P. Kisseleva
author_facet	E. P. Kisseleva
author_sort	E. P. Kisseleva
title	ACCEPTIVE IMMUNITY — A BASIS FOR SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
title_short	ACCEPTIVE IMMUNITY — A BASIS FOR SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
title_full	ACCEPTIVE IMMUNITY — A BASIS FOR SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
title_fullStr	ACCEPTIVE IMMUNITY — A BASIS FOR SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
title_full_unstemmed	ACCEPTIVE IMMUNITY — A BASIS FOR SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
title_sort	acceptive immunity — a basis for symbiotic relationships
publisher	Sankt-Peterburg : NIIÈM imeni Pastera
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/add358eace224ac5b03773b660957131
work_keys_str_mv	AT epkisseleva acceptiveimmunityabasisforsymbioticrelationships
_version_	1718418061324713984

ACCEPTIVE IMMUNITY — A BASIS FOR SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS

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