Expert Consensus on the Contraindications and Cautions of Foam Rolling—An International Delphi Study

Background: Foam rolling is a type of self-massage using tools such as foam or roller sticks. However, to date, there is no consensus on contraindications and cautions of foam rolling. A methodological approach to narrow that research gap is to obtain reliable opinions of expert groups. The aim of t...

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Autores principales:	Katja Martina Bartsch, Christian Baumgart, Jürgen Freiwald, Jan Wilke, Gunda Slomka, Sascha Turnhöfer, Christoph Egner, Matthias W. Hoppe, Werner Klingler, Robert Schleip
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	myofascial fascia self-myofascial release massage Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b4708e5f16d744f5b806d34531c2cb92
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b4708e5f16d744f5b806d34531c2cb922021-11-25T18:02:07ZExpert Consensus on the Contraindications and Cautions of Foam Rolling—An International Delphi Study10.3390/jcm102253602077-0383https://doaj.org/article/b4708e5f16d744f5b806d34531c2cb922021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/22/5360https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383Background: Foam rolling is a type of self-massage using tools such as foam or roller sticks. However, to date, there is no consensus on contraindications and cautions of foam rolling. A methodological approach to narrow that research gap is to obtain reliable opinions of expert groups. The aim of the study was to develop experts’ consensus on contraindications and cautions of foam rolling by means of a Delphi process. Methods: An international three-round Delphi study was conducted. Academic experts, defined as having (co-) authored at least one PubMed-listed paper on foam rolling, were invited to participate. Rounds 1 and 2 involved generation and rating of a list of possible contraindications and cautions of foam rolling. In round 3, participants indicated their agreement on contraindications and cautions for a final set of conditions. Consensus was evaluated using a priori defined criteria. Consensus on contraindications and cautions was considered as reached if more than 70% of participating experts labeled the respective item as contraindication and contraindication or caution, respectively, in round 3. Results: In the final Delphi process round, responses were received from 37 participants. Panel participants were predominantly sports scientists (<i>n</i> = 21), physiotherapists (<i>n</i> = 6), and medical professionals (<i>n</i> = 5). Consensus on contraindications was reached for open wounds (73% agreement) and bone fractures (84%). Consensus on cautions was achieved for local tissue inflammation (97%), deep vein thrombosis (97%), osteomyelitis (94%), and myositis ossificans (92%). The highest impact/severity of an adverse event caused by contraindication/cautions was estimated for bone fractures, deep vein thrombosis, and osteomyelitis. Discussion: The mechanical forces applied through foam rolling can be considered as potential threats leading to adverse events in the context of the identified contraindications and cautions. Further evaluations by medical professionals as well as the collection of clinical data are needed to assess the risks of foam rolling and to generate guidance for different applications and professional backgrounds.Katja Martina BartschChristian BaumgartJürgen FreiwaldJan WilkeGunda SlomkaSascha TurnhöferChristoph EgnerMatthias W. HoppeWerner KlinglerRobert SchleipMDPI AGarticlemyofascialfasciaself-myofascial releasemassageMedicineRENJournal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 5360, p 5360 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	myofascial fascia self-myofascial release massage Medicine R
spellingShingle	myofascial fascia self-myofascial release massage Medicine R Katja Martina Bartsch Christian Baumgart Jürgen Freiwald Jan Wilke Gunda Slomka Sascha Turnhöfer Christoph Egner Matthias W. Hoppe Werner Klingler Robert Schleip Expert Consensus on the Contraindications and Cautions of Foam Rolling—An International Delphi Study
description	Background: Foam rolling is a type of self-massage using tools such as foam or roller sticks. However, to date, there is no consensus on contraindications and cautions of foam rolling. A methodological approach to narrow that research gap is to obtain reliable opinions of expert groups. The aim of the study was to develop experts’ consensus on contraindications and cautions of foam rolling by means of a Delphi process. Methods: An international three-round Delphi study was conducted. Academic experts, defined as having (co-) authored at least one PubMed-listed paper on foam rolling, were invited to participate. Rounds 1 and 2 involved generation and rating of a list of possible contraindications and cautions of foam rolling. In round 3, participants indicated their agreement on contraindications and cautions for a final set of conditions. Consensus was evaluated using a priori defined criteria. Consensus on contraindications and cautions was considered as reached if more than 70% of participating experts labeled the respective item as contraindication and contraindication or caution, respectively, in round 3. Results: In the final Delphi process round, responses were received from 37 participants. Panel participants were predominantly sports scientists (<i>n</i> = 21), physiotherapists (<i>n</i> = 6), and medical professionals (<i>n</i> = 5). Consensus on contraindications was reached for open wounds (73% agreement) and bone fractures (84%). Consensus on cautions was achieved for local tissue inflammation (97%), deep vein thrombosis (97%), osteomyelitis (94%), and myositis ossificans (92%). The highest impact/severity of an adverse event caused by contraindication/cautions was estimated for bone fractures, deep vein thrombosis, and osteomyelitis. Discussion: The mechanical forces applied through foam rolling can be considered as potential threats leading to adverse events in the context of the identified contraindications and cautions. Further evaluations by medical professionals as well as the collection of clinical data are needed to assess the risks of foam rolling and to generate guidance for different applications and professional backgrounds.
format	article
author	Katja Martina Bartsch Christian Baumgart Jürgen Freiwald Jan Wilke Gunda Slomka Sascha Turnhöfer Christoph Egner Matthias W. Hoppe Werner Klingler Robert Schleip
author_facet	Katja Martina Bartsch Christian Baumgart Jürgen Freiwald Jan Wilke Gunda Slomka Sascha Turnhöfer Christoph Egner Matthias W. Hoppe Werner Klingler Robert Schleip
author_sort	Katja Martina Bartsch
title	Expert Consensus on the Contraindications and Cautions of Foam Rolling—An International Delphi Study
title_short	Expert Consensus on the Contraindications and Cautions of Foam Rolling—An International Delphi Study
title_full	Expert Consensus on the Contraindications and Cautions of Foam Rolling—An International Delphi Study
title_fullStr	Expert Consensus on the Contraindications and Cautions of Foam Rolling—An International Delphi Study
title_full_unstemmed	Expert Consensus on the Contraindications and Cautions of Foam Rolling—An International Delphi Study
title_sort	expert consensus on the contraindications and cautions of foam rolling—an international delphi study
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b4708e5f16d744f5b806d34531c2cb92
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Expert Consensus on the Contraindications and Cautions of Foam Rolling—An International Delphi Study

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