Exposure of chlorpromazine to 266 nm laser beam generates new species with antibacterial properties: contributions to development of a new process for drug discovery.

<h4>Introduction</h4>Phenothiazines when exposed to white light or to UV radiation undergo a variety of reactions that result in degradation of parental compound and formation of new species. This process is slow and may be sped up with exposure to high energy light such as that produced...

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Autores principales:	Mihail Lucian Pascu, Balazs Danko, Ana Martins, Nikoletta Jedlinszki, Tatiana Alexandru, Viorel Nastasa, Mihai Boni, Andra Militaru, Ionut Relu Andrei, Angela Staicu, Attila Hunyadi, Seamus Fanning, Leonard Amaral
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b88f13f4a7f94644a316b106ab8265eb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b88f13f4a7f94644a316b106ab8265eb2021-11-18T07:58:31ZExposure of chlorpromazine to 266 nm laser beam generates new species with antibacterial properties: contributions to development of a new process for drug discovery.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0055767https://doaj.org/article/b88f13f4a7f94644a316b106ab8265eb2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23405212/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Introduction</h4>Phenothiazines when exposed to white light or to UV radiation undergo a variety of reactions that result in degradation of parental compound and formation of new species. This process is slow and may be sped up with exposure to high energy light such as that produced by a laser.<h4>Methods</h4>Varying concentrations of Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride (CPZ) (2-20 mg/mL in distilled water) were exposed to 266 nm laser beam (time intervals: 1-24 hrs). At distinct intervals the irradiation products were evaluated by spectrophotometry between 200-1500 nm, Thin Layer Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-Diode Array Detection, HPLC tandem mass spectrometry, and for activity against the CPZ sensitive test organism Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.<h4>Results</h4>CPZ exposure to 266 nm laser beam of given energy levels yielded species, whose number increased with duration of exposure. Although the major species produced were Promazine (PZ), hydroxypromazine or PZ sulfoxide, and CPZ sulfoxide, over 200 compounds were generated with exposure of 20 mg/mL of CPZ for 24 hrs. Evaluation of the irradiation products indicated that the bioactivity against the test organism increased despite the total disappearance of CPZ, that is due, most probably, to one or more new species that remain yet unidentified.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Exposure of CPZ to a high energy (6.5 mJ) 266 nm laser beam yields rapidly a large number of new and stable species. For biological grade phenothiazines (in other words knowing the impurities in the samples: solvent and solute) this process may be reproducible because one can control within reasonably low experimental errors: the concentration of the parent compound, the laser beam wavelength and average energy, as well as the duration of the exposure time. Because the process is "clean" and rapid, it may offer advantages over the pyrogenically based methods for the production of derivatives.Mihail Lucian PascuBalazs DankoAna MartinsNikoletta JedlinszkiTatiana AlexandruViorel NastasaMihai BoniAndra MilitaruIonut Relu AndreiAngela StaicuAttila HunyadiSeamus FanningLeonard AmaralPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 2, p e55767 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mihail Lucian Pascu Balazs Danko Ana Martins Nikoletta Jedlinszki Tatiana Alexandru Viorel Nastasa Mihai Boni Andra Militaru Ionut Relu Andrei Angela Staicu Attila Hunyadi Seamus Fanning Leonard Amaral Exposure of chlorpromazine to 266 nm laser beam generates new species with antibacterial properties: contributions to development of a new process for drug discovery.
description	<h4>Introduction</h4>Phenothiazines when exposed to white light or to UV radiation undergo a variety of reactions that result in degradation of parental compound and formation of new species. This process is slow and may be sped up with exposure to high energy light such as that produced by a laser.<h4>Methods</h4>Varying concentrations of Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride (CPZ) (2-20 mg/mL in distilled water) were exposed to 266 nm laser beam (time intervals: 1-24 hrs). At distinct intervals the irradiation products were evaluated by spectrophotometry between 200-1500 nm, Thin Layer Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-Diode Array Detection, HPLC tandem mass spectrometry, and for activity against the CPZ sensitive test organism Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.<h4>Results</h4>CPZ exposure to 266 nm laser beam of given energy levels yielded species, whose number increased with duration of exposure. Although the major species produced were Promazine (PZ), hydroxypromazine or PZ sulfoxide, and CPZ sulfoxide, over 200 compounds were generated with exposure of 20 mg/mL of CPZ for 24 hrs. Evaluation of the irradiation products indicated that the bioactivity against the test organism increased despite the total disappearance of CPZ, that is due, most probably, to one or more new species that remain yet unidentified.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Exposure of CPZ to a high energy (6.5 mJ) 266 nm laser beam yields rapidly a large number of new and stable species. For biological grade phenothiazines (in other words knowing the impurities in the samples: solvent and solute) this process may be reproducible because one can control within reasonably low experimental errors: the concentration of the parent compound, the laser beam wavelength and average energy, as well as the duration of the exposure time. Because the process is "clean" and rapid, it may offer advantages over the pyrogenically based methods for the production of derivatives.
format	article
author	Mihail Lucian Pascu Balazs Danko Ana Martins Nikoletta Jedlinszki Tatiana Alexandru Viorel Nastasa Mihai Boni Andra Militaru Ionut Relu Andrei Angela Staicu Attila Hunyadi Seamus Fanning Leonard Amaral
author_facet	Mihail Lucian Pascu Balazs Danko Ana Martins Nikoletta Jedlinszki Tatiana Alexandru Viorel Nastasa Mihai Boni Andra Militaru Ionut Relu Andrei Angela Staicu Attila Hunyadi Seamus Fanning Leonard Amaral
author_sort	Mihail Lucian Pascu
title	Exposure of chlorpromazine to 266 nm laser beam generates new species with antibacterial properties: contributions to development of a new process for drug discovery.
title_short	Exposure of chlorpromazine to 266 nm laser beam generates new species with antibacterial properties: contributions to development of a new process for drug discovery.
title_full	Exposure of chlorpromazine to 266 nm laser beam generates new species with antibacterial properties: contributions to development of a new process for drug discovery.
title_fullStr	Exposure of chlorpromazine to 266 nm laser beam generates new species with antibacterial properties: contributions to development of a new process for drug discovery.
title_full_unstemmed	Exposure of chlorpromazine to 266 nm laser beam generates new species with antibacterial properties: contributions to development of a new process for drug discovery.
title_sort	exposure of chlorpromazine to 266 nm laser beam generates new species with antibacterial properties: contributions to development of a new process for drug discovery.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/b88f13f4a7f94644a316b106ab8265eb
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Exposure of chlorpromazine to 266 nm laser beam generates new species with antibacterial properties: contributions to development of a new process for drug discovery.

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