The <italic toggle="yes">Legionella</italic> Kinase LegK2 Targets the ARP2/3 Complex To Inhibit Actin Nucleation on Phagosomes and Allow Bacterial Evasion of the Late Endocytic Pathway

ABSTRACT Legionella pneumophila, the etiological agent of legionellosis, replicates within phagocytic cells. Crucial to biogenesis of the replicative vacuole is the Dot/Icm type 4 secretion system, which translocates a large number of effectors into the host cell cytosol. Among them is LegK2, a prot...

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Autores principales:	Céline Michard, Daniel Sperandio, Nathalie Baïlo, Javier Pizarro-Cerdá, Lawrence LeClaire, Elise Chadeau-Argaud, Isabel Pombo-Grégoire, Eva Hervet, Anne Vianney, Christophe Gilbert, Mathias Faure, Pascale Cossart, Patricia Doublet
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Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2015
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bb8e325a0ac64bde809d599e2d6549bb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bb8e325a0ac64bde809d599e2d6549bb2021-11-15T15:49:03ZThe <italic toggle="yes">Legionella</italic> Kinase LegK2 Targets the ARP2/3 Complex To Inhibit Actin Nucleation on Phagosomes and Allow Bacterial Evasion of the Late Endocytic Pathway10.1128/mBio.00354-152150-7511https://doaj.org/article/bb8e325a0ac64bde809d599e2d6549bb2015-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00354-15https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Legionella pneumophila, the etiological agent of legionellosis, replicates within phagocytic cells. Crucial to biogenesis of the replicative vacuole is the Dot/Icm type 4 secretion system, which translocates a large number of effectors into the host cell cytosol. Among them is LegK2, a protein kinase that plays a key role in Legionella infection. Here, we identified the actin nucleator ARP2/3 complex as a target of LegK2. LegK2 phosphorylates the ARPC1B and ARP3 subunits of the ARP2/3 complex. LegK2-dependent ARP2/3 phosphorylation triggers global actin cytoskeleton remodeling in cells, and it impairs actin tail formation by Listeria monocytogenes, a well-known ARP2/3-dependent process. During infection, LegK2 is addressed to the Legionella-containing vacuole surface and inhibits actin polymerization on the phagosome, as revealed by legK2 gene inactivation. Consequently, LegK2 prevents late endosome/lysosome association with the phagosome and finally contributes to remodeling of the bacterium-containing phagosome into a replicative niche. The inhibition of actin polymerization by LegK2 and its effect on endosome trafficking are ARP2/3 dependent since it can be phenocopied by a specific chemical inhibitor of the ARP2/3 complex. Thus, LegK2-ARP2/3 interplay highlights an original mechanism of bacterial virulence with an unexpected role in local actin remodeling that allows bacteria to control vesicle trafficking in order to escape host defenses. IMPORTANCE Deciphering the individual contribution of each Dot/Icm type 4 secretion system substrate to the intracellular life-style of L. pneumophila remains the principal challenge in understanding the molecular basis of Legionella virulence. Our finding that LegK2 is a Dot/Icm effector that inhibits actin polymerization on the Legionella-containing vacuole importantly contributes to the deciphering of the molecular mechanisms evolved by Legionella to counteract the endocytic pathway. Indeed, our results highlight the essential role of LegK2 in preventing late endosomes from fusing with the phagosome. More generally, this work is the first demonstration of local actin remodeling as a mechanism used by bacteria to control organelle trafficking. Further, by characterizing the role of the bacterial protein kinase LegK2, we reinforce the concept that posttranslational modifications are key strategies used by pathogens to evade host cell defenses.Céline MichardDaniel SperandioNathalie BaïloJavier Pizarro-CerdáLawrence LeClaireElise Chadeau-ArgaudIsabel Pombo-GrégoireEva HervetAnne VianneyChristophe GilbertMathias FaurePascale CossartPatricia DoubletAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 6, Iss 3 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Céline Michard Daniel Sperandio Nathalie Baïlo Javier Pizarro-Cerdá Lawrence LeClaire Elise Chadeau-Argaud Isabel Pombo-Grégoire Eva Hervet Anne Vianney Christophe Gilbert Mathias Faure Pascale Cossart Patricia Doublet The <italic toggle="yes">Legionella</italic> Kinase LegK2 Targets the ARP2/3 Complex To Inhibit Actin Nucleation on Phagosomes and Allow Bacterial Evasion of the Late Endocytic Pathway
description	ABSTRACT Legionella pneumophila, the etiological agent of legionellosis, replicates within phagocytic cells. Crucial to biogenesis of the replicative vacuole is the Dot/Icm type 4 secretion system, which translocates a large number of effectors into the host cell cytosol. Among them is LegK2, a protein kinase that plays a key role in Legionella infection. Here, we identified the actin nucleator ARP2/3 complex as a target of LegK2. LegK2 phosphorylates the ARPC1B and ARP3 subunits of the ARP2/3 complex. LegK2-dependent ARP2/3 phosphorylation triggers global actin cytoskeleton remodeling in cells, and it impairs actin tail formation by Listeria monocytogenes, a well-known ARP2/3-dependent process. During infection, LegK2 is addressed to the Legionella-containing vacuole surface and inhibits actin polymerization on the phagosome, as revealed by legK2 gene inactivation. Consequently, LegK2 prevents late endosome/lysosome association with the phagosome and finally contributes to remodeling of the bacterium-containing phagosome into a replicative niche. The inhibition of actin polymerization by LegK2 and its effect on endosome trafficking are ARP2/3 dependent since it can be phenocopied by a specific chemical inhibitor of the ARP2/3 complex. Thus, LegK2-ARP2/3 interplay highlights an original mechanism of bacterial virulence with an unexpected role in local actin remodeling that allows bacteria to control vesicle trafficking in order to escape host defenses. IMPORTANCE Deciphering the individual contribution of each Dot/Icm type 4 secretion system substrate to the intracellular life-style of L. pneumophila remains the principal challenge in understanding the molecular basis of Legionella virulence. Our finding that LegK2 is a Dot/Icm effector that inhibits actin polymerization on the Legionella-containing vacuole importantly contributes to the deciphering of the molecular mechanisms evolved by Legionella to counteract the endocytic pathway. Indeed, our results highlight the essential role of LegK2 in preventing late endosomes from fusing with the phagosome. More generally, this work is the first demonstration of local actin remodeling as a mechanism used by bacteria to control organelle trafficking. Further, by characterizing the role of the bacterial protein kinase LegK2, we reinforce the concept that posttranslational modifications are key strategies used by pathogens to evade host cell defenses.
format	article
author	Céline Michard Daniel Sperandio Nathalie Baïlo Javier Pizarro-Cerdá Lawrence LeClaire Elise Chadeau-Argaud Isabel Pombo-Grégoire Eva Hervet Anne Vianney Christophe Gilbert Mathias Faure Pascale Cossart Patricia Doublet
author_facet	Céline Michard Daniel Sperandio Nathalie Baïlo Javier Pizarro-Cerdá Lawrence LeClaire Elise Chadeau-Argaud Isabel Pombo-Grégoire Eva Hervet Anne Vianney Christophe Gilbert Mathias Faure Pascale Cossart Patricia Doublet
author_sort	Céline Michard
title	The <italic toggle="yes">Legionella</italic> Kinase LegK2 Targets the ARP2/3 Complex To Inhibit Actin Nucleation on Phagosomes and Allow Bacterial Evasion of the Late Endocytic Pathway
title_short	The <italic toggle="yes">Legionella</italic> Kinase LegK2 Targets the ARP2/3 Complex To Inhibit Actin Nucleation on Phagosomes and Allow Bacterial Evasion of the Late Endocytic Pathway
title_full	The <italic toggle="yes">Legionella</italic> Kinase LegK2 Targets the ARP2/3 Complex To Inhibit Actin Nucleation on Phagosomes and Allow Bacterial Evasion of the Late Endocytic Pathway
title_fullStr	The <italic toggle="yes">Legionella</italic> Kinase LegK2 Targets the ARP2/3 Complex To Inhibit Actin Nucleation on Phagosomes and Allow Bacterial Evasion of the Late Endocytic Pathway
title_full_unstemmed	The <italic toggle="yes">Legionella</italic> Kinase LegK2 Targets the ARP2/3 Complex To Inhibit Actin Nucleation on Phagosomes and Allow Bacterial Evasion of the Late Endocytic Pathway
title_sort	<italic toggle="yes">legionella</italic> kinase legk2 targets the arp2/3 complex to inhibit actin nucleation on phagosomes and allow bacterial evasion of the late endocytic pathway
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/bb8e325a0ac64bde809d599e2d6549bb
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The <italic toggle="yes">Legionella</italic> Kinase LegK2 Targets the ARP2/3 Complex To Inhibit Actin Nucleation on Phagosomes and Allow Bacterial Evasion of the Late Endocytic Pathway

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