High-fat diet increases the severity of Giardia infection in association with low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis

Abstract Exogenous factors that may influence the pathophysiology of Giardia infection remain incompletely understood. We have investigated the role of dietary fat in the pathogenesis of Giardia infection. Male 3 to 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed either a low fat (LF) or a high fat (HF) diet for 1...

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Main Authors:	Thibault Allain, Elena Fekete, Olivia Sosnowski, Dimitri Desmonts de Lamache, Jean-Paul Motta, Dezirae Leger, Troy Feener, Raylene A. Reimer, André G. Buret
Format:	article
Language:	EN
Published:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Subjects:	Medicine R Science Q
Online Access:	https://doaj.org/article/bf5bf62d127446088b51d828fe835a00
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bf5bf62d127446088b51d828fe835a002021-12-02T18:48:23ZHigh-fat diet increases the severity of Giardia infection in association with low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis10.1038/s41598-021-98262-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/bf5bf62d127446088b51d828fe835a002021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98262-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Exogenous factors that may influence the pathophysiology of Giardia infection remain incompletely understood. We have investigated the role of dietary fat in the pathogenesis of Giardia infection. Male 3 to 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed either a low fat (LF) or a high fat (HF) diet for 12 days and challenged with G. duodenalis. In infected animals, the trophozoite burden was higher in HF + Giardia mice compared to the LF + Giardia group at day 7 post infection. Fatty acids exerted direct pro-growth effects on Giardia trophozoites. Analysis of disease parameters showed that HF + Giardia mice exhibited more mucosal infiltration by inflammatory cells, decreased villus/crypt ratios, goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus disruption, increased gut motility, and elevated fecal water content compared with LF + Giardia. HF diet-dependent exacerbation of Giardia-induced goblet cell hyperplasia was associated with elevated Atoh1 and Muc2 gene expression. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that the HF diet alone induces a taxonomic shift. HF + Giardia mice exhibited microbiota dysbiosis characterized by an increase of Firmicutes and a decrease of Bacteroidetes and significant changes in α- and β-diversity metrics. Taken together, the findings suggest that a HF diet exacerbates the outcome of Giardia infection. The data demonstrate that elevated dietary fat represents an important exogenous factor promoting the pathophysiology of giardiasis.Thibault AllainElena FeketeOlivia SosnowskiDimitri Desmonts de LamacheJean-Paul MottaDezirae LegerTroy FeenerRaylene A. ReimerAndré G. BuretNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Thibault Allain Elena Fekete Olivia Sosnowski Dimitri Desmonts de Lamache Jean-Paul Motta Dezirae Leger Troy Feener Raylene A. Reimer André G. Buret High-fat diet increases the severity of Giardia infection in association with low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis
description	Abstract Exogenous factors that may influence the pathophysiology of Giardia infection remain incompletely understood. We have investigated the role of dietary fat in the pathogenesis of Giardia infection. Male 3 to 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed either a low fat (LF) or a high fat (HF) diet for 12 days and challenged with G. duodenalis. In infected animals, the trophozoite burden was higher in HF + Giardia mice compared to the LF + Giardia group at day 7 post infection. Fatty acids exerted direct pro-growth effects on Giardia trophozoites. Analysis of disease parameters showed that HF + Giardia mice exhibited more mucosal infiltration by inflammatory cells, decreased villus/crypt ratios, goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus disruption, increased gut motility, and elevated fecal water content compared with LF + Giardia. HF diet-dependent exacerbation of Giardia-induced goblet cell hyperplasia was associated with elevated Atoh1 and Muc2 gene expression. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that the HF diet alone induces a taxonomic shift. HF + Giardia mice exhibited microbiota dysbiosis characterized by an increase of Firmicutes and a decrease of Bacteroidetes and significant changes in α- and β-diversity metrics. Taken together, the findings suggest that a HF diet exacerbates the outcome of Giardia infection. The data demonstrate that elevated dietary fat represents an important exogenous factor promoting the pathophysiology of giardiasis.
format	article
author	Thibault Allain Elena Fekete Olivia Sosnowski Dimitri Desmonts de Lamache Jean-Paul Motta Dezirae Leger Troy Feener Raylene A. Reimer André G. Buret
author_facet	Thibault Allain Elena Fekete Olivia Sosnowski Dimitri Desmonts de Lamache Jean-Paul Motta Dezirae Leger Troy Feener Raylene A. Reimer André G. Buret
author_sort	Thibault Allain
title	High-fat diet increases the severity of Giardia infection in association with low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis
title_short	High-fat diet increases the severity of Giardia infection in association with low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis
title_full	High-fat diet increases the severity of Giardia infection in association with low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis
title_fullStr	High-fat diet increases the severity of Giardia infection in association with low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis
title_full_unstemmed	High-fat diet increases the severity of Giardia infection in association with low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis
title_sort	high-fat diet increases the severity of giardia infection in association with low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bf5bf62d127446088b51d828fe835a00
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High-fat diet increases the severity of Giardia infection in association with low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis

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