Nut Consumption Is Associated with Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Type 1 Diabetes

Although nut consumption has been associated with several health benefits, it has not been investigated in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Therefore, our aim was to assess nut consumption and its association with metabolic syndrome in adult individuals with type 1 diabetes taking part in the Finni...

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Autores principales:	Aila J. Ahola, Carol M. Forsblom, Valma Harjutsalo, Per-Henrik Groop
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	nut consumption metabolic syndrome type 1 diabetes Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c620d8ecb8f24e8fa1e9163bec669b4e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c620d8ecb8f24e8fa1e9163bec669b4e2021-11-25T18:35:10ZNut Consumption Is Associated with Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Type 1 Diabetes10.3390/nu131139092072-6643https://doaj.org/article/c620d8ecb8f24e8fa1e9163bec669b4e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3909https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Although nut consumption has been associated with several health benefits, it has not been investigated in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Therefore, our aim was to assess nut consumption and its association with metabolic syndrome in adult individuals with type 1 diabetes taking part in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study. The nut intake of the 1058 participants was assessed from 3-day food records that were completed twice, and the number of weekly servings, assuming a serving size of 28.4 g, was calculated. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of ≥3 of the cardiovascular risk factors: central obesity, high blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication), high triglyceride concentration (≥1.70 mmol/L or use of lipid-lowering medication), low HDL-cholesterol concentration (<1.00 mmol/L in men and <1.30 mmol/L in women or use of lipid-lowering medication), and hyperglycaemia. Overweight/obesity was defined as a BMI ≥25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. HbA<sub>1c</sub> > 59 mmol/mol (>7.5%) was used as a criterion for suboptimal glycaemic control. Of the 1058 (mean age 46 years, 41.6% men) participants, 689 (54.1%) reported no nut intake. In the remaining sample, the median weekly nut intake was 40.8 g. In the adjusted models, higher nut intake, as the continuous number of weekly servings and the comparison of those with <2 and ≥2 weekly servings, was associated with lower metabolic syndrome score, waist circumference, HbA<sub>1c</sub>, and BMI. Nut consumption as a continuous variable was negatively associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome, its blood pressure, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol components, and suboptimal glycaemic control. Consumption of ≥2 weekly servings was associated with lower odds of suboptimal glycaemic control (by 51.5%), overweight/obesity (by 33.4%), and metabolic syndrome (by 51.8%) and meeting the waist (by 37.3%), blood pressure (by 44.5%), triglyceride (by 37.7%), and HDL-cholesterol (by 36.2%) components of the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, a weekly nut intake of ≥2 servings was beneficially associated with all the components of the metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes. The causality of this association will need to be investigated.Aila J. AholaCarol M. ForsblomValma HarjutsaloPer-Henrik GroopMDPI AGarticlenut consumptionmetabolic syndrometype 1 diabetesNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 3909, p 3909 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nut consumption metabolic syndrome type 1 diabetes Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	nut consumption metabolic syndrome type 1 diabetes Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Aila J. Ahola Carol M. Forsblom Valma Harjutsalo Per-Henrik Groop Nut Consumption Is Associated with Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Type 1 Diabetes
description	Although nut consumption has been associated with several health benefits, it has not been investigated in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Therefore, our aim was to assess nut consumption and its association with metabolic syndrome in adult individuals with type 1 diabetes taking part in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study. The nut intake of the 1058 participants was assessed from 3-day food records that were completed twice, and the number of weekly servings, assuming a serving size of 28.4 g, was calculated. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of ≥3 of the cardiovascular risk factors: central obesity, high blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication), high triglyceride concentration (≥1.70 mmol/L or use of lipid-lowering medication), low HDL-cholesterol concentration (<1.00 mmol/L in men and <1.30 mmol/L in women or use of lipid-lowering medication), and hyperglycaemia. Overweight/obesity was defined as a BMI ≥25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. HbA<sub>1c</sub> > 59 mmol/mol (>7.5%) was used as a criterion for suboptimal glycaemic control. Of the 1058 (mean age 46 years, 41.6% men) participants, 689 (54.1%) reported no nut intake. In the remaining sample, the median weekly nut intake was 40.8 g. In the adjusted models, higher nut intake, as the continuous number of weekly servings and the comparison of those with <2 and ≥2 weekly servings, was associated with lower metabolic syndrome score, waist circumference, HbA<sub>1c</sub>, and BMI. Nut consumption as a continuous variable was negatively associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome, its blood pressure, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol components, and suboptimal glycaemic control. Consumption of ≥2 weekly servings was associated with lower odds of suboptimal glycaemic control (by 51.5%), overweight/obesity (by 33.4%), and metabolic syndrome (by 51.8%) and meeting the waist (by 37.3%), blood pressure (by 44.5%), triglyceride (by 37.7%), and HDL-cholesterol (by 36.2%) components of the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, a weekly nut intake of ≥2 servings was beneficially associated with all the components of the metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes. The causality of this association will need to be investigated.
format	article
author	Aila J. Ahola Carol M. Forsblom Valma Harjutsalo Per-Henrik Groop
author_facet	Aila J. Ahola Carol M. Forsblom Valma Harjutsalo Per-Henrik Groop
author_sort	Aila J. Ahola
title	Nut Consumption Is Associated with Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Type 1 Diabetes
title_short	Nut Consumption Is Associated with Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Type 1 Diabetes
title_full	Nut Consumption Is Associated with Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Type 1 Diabetes
title_fullStr	Nut Consumption Is Associated with Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Type 1 Diabetes
title_full_unstemmed	Nut Consumption Is Associated with Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Type 1 Diabetes
title_sort	nut consumption is associated with lower risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in type 1 diabetes
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c620d8ecb8f24e8fa1e9163bec669b4e
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Nut Consumption Is Associated with Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Type 1 Diabetes

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