An Important Role for CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells in Adaptive Immunity to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> in Mice Lacking the Transcription Factor Batf3
ABSTRACT Immunity to Toxoplasma gondii at early stages of infection in C57BL/6 mice depends on gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production by NK cells, while at later stages it is primarily mediated by CD8 T cells. We decided to explore the requirement for CD4 T cells during T. gondii infection in Batf3−/−...
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American Society for Microbiology
2020
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oai:doaj.org-article:c804871fa3f84ebc89bd64eb1e0366332021-11-15T15:30:50ZAn Important Role for CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells in Adaptive Immunity to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> in Mice Lacking the Transcription Factor Batf310.1128/mSphere.00634-202379-5042https://doaj.org/article/c804871fa3f84ebc89bd64eb1e0366332020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00634-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Immunity to Toxoplasma gondii at early stages of infection in C57BL/6 mice depends on gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production by NK cells, while at later stages it is primarily mediated by CD8 T cells. We decided to explore the requirement for CD4 T cells during T. gondii infection in Batf3−/− mice, which lack CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs) that are necessary for cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens to CD8 T cells. We show that in this immunodeficient background on a BALB/c background, CD4 T cells become important effector cells and are able to protect Batf3−/− mice from infection with the avirulent strain RHΔku80Δrop5. Independently of the initial NK cell activation, CD4 T cells in wild-type and Batf3−/− mice were the major source of IFN-γ. Importantly, memory CD4 T cells were sufficient to provide protective immunity following transfer into Batf3−/− mice and secondary challenge with the virulent RHΔku80 strain. Collectively, these results show that under situations where CD8 cell responses are impaired, CD4 T cells provide an important alternative immune response to T. gondii. IMPORTANCE Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread parasite of animals that causes zoonotic infections in humans. Although healthy individuals generally control the infection with only moderate symptoms, it causes serious illness in newborns and those with compromised immune systems such as HIV-infected AIDS patients. Because rodents are natural hosts for T. gondii, laboratory mice provide an excellent model for studying immune responses. Here, we used a combination of an attenuated mutant strain of the parasite that effectively vaccinates mice, with a defect in a transcriptional factor that impairs a critical subset of dendritic cells, to studying the immune response to infection. The findings reveal that in BALB/c mice, CD4 memory T cells play a dominant role in producing IFN-γ needed to control chronic infection. Hence, BALB/c mice may provide a more appropriate model for declining immunity seen in HIV-AIDS patients where loss of CD4 cells is associated with emergence of opportunistic infections.Roxane TussiwandMichael S. BehnkeNicole M. KretzerGary E. Grajales-ReyesTheresa L. MurphyRobert D. SchreiberKenneth M. MurphyL. David SibleyAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleCD4 T cellsHIV-AIDSchronic infectiondendritic cellshuman immunodeficiency virusopportunistic infectionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 5, Iss 4 (2020) |
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DOAJ |
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CD4 T cells HIV-AIDS chronic infection dendritic cells human immunodeficiency virus opportunistic infection Microbiology QR1-502 |
| spellingShingle |
CD4 T cells HIV-AIDS chronic infection dendritic cells human immunodeficiency virus opportunistic infection Microbiology QR1-502 Roxane Tussiwand Michael S. Behnke Nicole M. Kretzer Gary E. Grajales-Reyes Theresa L. Murphy Robert D. Schreiber Kenneth M. Murphy L. David Sibley An Important Role for CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells in Adaptive Immunity to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> in Mice Lacking the Transcription Factor Batf3 |
| description |
ABSTRACT Immunity to Toxoplasma gondii at early stages of infection in C57BL/6 mice depends on gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production by NK cells, while at later stages it is primarily mediated by CD8 T cells. We decided to explore the requirement for CD4 T cells during T. gondii infection in Batf3−/− mice, which lack CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs) that are necessary for cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens to CD8 T cells. We show that in this immunodeficient background on a BALB/c background, CD4 T cells become important effector cells and are able to protect Batf3−/− mice from infection with the avirulent strain RHΔku80Δrop5. Independently of the initial NK cell activation, CD4 T cells in wild-type and Batf3−/− mice were the major source of IFN-γ. Importantly, memory CD4 T cells were sufficient to provide protective immunity following transfer into Batf3−/− mice and secondary challenge with the virulent RHΔku80 strain. Collectively, these results show that under situations where CD8 cell responses are impaired, CD4 T cells provide an important alternative immune response to T. gondii. IMPORTANCE Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread parasite of animals that causes zoonotic infections in humans. Although healthy individuals generally control the infection with only moderate symptoms, it causes serious illness in newborns and those with compromised immune systems such as HIV-infected AIDS patients. Because rodents are natural hosts for T. gondii, laboratory mice provide an excellent model for studying immune responses. Here, we used a combination of an attenuated mutant strain of the parasite that effectively vaccinates mice, with a defect in a transcriptional factor that impairs a critical subset of dendritic cells, to studying the immune response to infection. The findings reveal that in BALB/c mice, CD4 memory T cells play a dominant role in producing IFN-γ needed to control chronic infection. Hence, BALB/c mice may provide a more appropriate model for declining immunity seen in HIV-AIDS patients where loss of CD4 cells is associated with emergence of opportunistic infections. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Roxane Tussiwand Michael S. Behnke Nicole M. Kretzer Gary E. Grajales-Reyes Theresa L. Murphy Robert D. Schreiber Kenneth M. Murphy L. David Sibley |
| author_facet |
Roxane Tussiwand Michael S. Behnke Nicole M. Kretzer Gary E. Grajales-Reyes Theresa L. Murphy Robert D. Schreiber Kenneth M. Murphy L. David Sibley |
| author_sort |
Roxane Tussiwand |
| title |
An Important Role for CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells in Adaptive Immunity to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> in Mice Lacking the Transcription Factor Batf3 |
| title_short |
An Important Role for CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells in Adaptive Immunity to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> in Mice Lacking the Transcription Factor Batf3 |
| title_full |
An Important Role for CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells in Adaptive Immunity to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> in Mice Lacking the Transcription Factor Batf3 |
| title_fullStr |
An Important Role for CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells in Adaptive Immunity to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> in Mice Lacking the Transcription Factor Batf3 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
An Important Role for CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells in Adaptive Immunity to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> in Mice Lacking the Transcription Factor Batf3 |
| title_sort |
important role for cd4<sup>+</sup> t cells in adaptive immunity to <named-content content-type="genus-species">toxoplasma gondii</named-content> in mice lacking the transcription factor batf3 |
| publisher |
American Society for Microbiology |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/c804871fa3f84ebc89bd64eb1e036633 |
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