Evolution of an Eurasian avian-like influenza virus in naïve and vaccinated pigs.
Influenza viruses are characterized by an ability to cross species boundaries and evade host immunity, sometimes with devastating consequences. The 2009 pandemic of H1N1 influenza A virus highlights the importance of pigs in influenza emergence, particularly as intermediate hosts by which avian viru...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012
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oai:doaj.org-article:cc1fdfedc40f4feab3bb58dda51adcb32021-11-18T06:04:22ZEvolution of an Eurasian avian-like influenza virus in naïve and vaccinated pigs.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1002730https://doaj.org/article/cc1fdfedc40f4feab3bb58dda51adcb32012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22693449/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Influenza viruses are characterized by an ability to cross species boundaries and evade host immunity, sometimes with devastating consequences. The 2009 pandemic of H1N1 influenza A virus highlights the importance of pigs in influenza emergence, particularly as intermediate hosts by which avian viruses adapt to mammals before emerging in humans. Although segment reassortment has commonly been associated with influenza emergence, an expanded host-range is also likely to be associated with the accumulation of specific beneficial point mutations. To better understand the mechanisms that shape the genetic diversity of avian-like viruses in pigs, we studied the evolutionary dynamics of an Eurasian Avian-like swine influenza virus (EA-SIV) in naïve and vaccinated pigs linked by natural transmission. We analyzed multiple clones of the hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) gene derived from consecutive daily viral populations. Strikingly, we observed both transient and fixed changes in the consensus sequence along the transmission chain. Hence, the mutational spectrum of intra-host EA-SIV populations is highly dynamic and allele fixation can occur with extreme rapidity. In addition, mutations that could potentially alter host-range and antigenicity were transmitted between animals and mixed infections were commonplace, even in vaccinated pigs. Finally, we repeatedly detected distinct stop codons in virus samples from co-housed pigs, suggesting that they persisted within hosts and were transmitted among them. This implies that mutations that reduce viral fitness in one host, but which could lead to fitness benefits in a novel host, can circulate at low frequencies.Pablo R MurciaJoseph HughesPatrizia BattistaLucy LloydGregory J BaillieRicardo H Ramirez-GonzalezDoug OrmondKaren OliverDebra EltonJennifer A MumfordMario CaccamoPaul KellamBryan T GrenfellEdward C HolmesJames L N WoodPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 8, Iss 5, p e1002730 (2012) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
| spellingShingle |
Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Pablo R Murcia Joseph Hughes Patrizia Battista Lucy Lloyd Gregory J Baillie Ricardo H Ramirez-Gonzalez Doug Ormond Karen Oliver Debra Elton Jennifer A Mumford Mario Caccamo Paul Kellam Bryan T Grenfell Edward C Holmes James L N Wood Evolution of an Eurasian avian-like influenza virus in naïve and vaccinated pigs. |
| description |
Influenza viruses are characterized by an ability to cross species boundaries and evade host immunity, sometimes with devastating consequences. The 2009 pandemic of H1N1 influenza A virus highlights the importance of pigs in influenza emergence, particularly as intermediate hosts by which avian viruses adapt to mammals before emerging in humans. Although segment reassortment has commonly been associated with influenza emergence, an expanded host-range is also likely to be associated with the accumulation of specific beneficial point mutations. To better understand the mechanisms that shape the genetic diversity of avian-like viruses in pigs, we studied the evolutionary dynamics of an Eurasian Avian-like swine influenza virus (EA-SIV) in naïve and vaccinated pigs linked by natural transmission. We analyzed multiple clones of the hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) gene derived from consecutive daily viral populations. Strikingly, we observed both transient and fixed changes in the consensus sequence along the transmission chain. Hence, the mutational spectrum of intra-host EA-SIV populations is highly dynamic and allele fixation can occur with extreme rapidity. In addition, mutations that could potentially alter host-range and antigenicity were transmitted between animals and mixed infections were commonplace, even in vaccinated pigs. Finally, we repeatedly detected distinct stop codons in virus samples from co-housed pigs, suggesting that they persisted within hosts and were transmitted among them. This implies that mutations that reduce viral fitness in one host, but which could lead to fitness benefits in a novel host, can circulate at low frequencies. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Pablo R Murcia Joseph Hughes Patrizia Battista Lucy Lloyd Gregory J Baillie Ricardo H Ramirez-Gonzalez Doug Ormond Karen Oliver Debra Elton Jennifer A Mumford Mario Caccamo Paul Kellam Bryan T Grenfell Edward C Holmes James L N Wood |
| author_facet |
Pablo R Murcia Joseph Hughes Patrizia Battista Lucy Lloyd Gregory J Baillie Ricardo H Ramirez-Gonzalez Doug Ormond Karen Oliver Debra Elton Jennifer A Mumford Mario Caccamo Paul Kellam Bryan T Grenfell Edward C Holmes James L N Wood |
| author_sort |
Pablo R Murcia |
| title |
Evolution of an Eurasian avian-like influenza virus in naïve and vaccinated pigs. |
| title_short |
Evolution of an Eurasian avian-like influenza virus in naïve and vaccinated pigs. |
| title_full |
Evolution of an Eurasian avian-like influenza virus in naïve and vaccinated pigs. |
| title_fullStr |
Evolution of an Eurasian avian-like influenza virus in naïve and vaccinated pigs. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evolution of an Eurasian avian-like influenza virus in naïve and vaccinated pigs. |
| title_sort |
evolution of an eurasian avian-like influenza virus in naïve and vaccinated pigs. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/cc1fdfedc40f4feab3bb58dda51adcb3 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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