The Spatial Thinking Process of the Field-Independent Students based on Action-Process-Object-Schema Theory

Spatial thinking has roles to facilitate learners to remember, understand, reason, and communicate objects and the connections among objects that are represented in space. This research aims to analyze the spatial thinking process of students in constructing new knowledge seen from the field-indepen...

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Autores principales:	Henry Suryo Bintoro*, Y.L. Sukestiyarno, Mulyono, Walid
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	RU Publications 2021
Materias:	apos theory cognitive style field-independent spatial thinking. Education L
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cdd4a021f207493b8491c817b37623a4
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:cdd4a021f207493b8491c817b37623a4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cdd4a021f207493b8491c817b37623a42021-11-11T08:19:08ZThe Spatial Thinking Process of the Field-Independent Students based on Action-Process-Object-Schema Theory2165-871410.12973/eu-jer.10.4.1807https://doaj.org/article/cdd4a021f207493b8491c817b37623a42021-10-01T00:00:00Z https://eu-jer.com/EU-JER_10_4_1807.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/2165-8714Spatial thinking has roles to facilitate learners to remember, understand, reason, and communicate objects and the connections among objects that are represented in space. This research aims to analyze the spatial thinking process of students in constructing new knowledge seen from the field-independent cognitive style learners based on Action-Process-Object-Schema (APOS) theory. APOS theory is used to explore spatial thinking processes which consist of mental structures of action, process, object, and schema. This research is qualitative research with an exploratory method. It provided the students' opportunity to solve problems alternately until the method found the most appropriate subjects for the research objectives. The subjects were 2 students of Mathematics Education in the fourth semester of Universitas Muria Kudus Indonesia. The data collection techniques were started by distributing the validated and reliable spatial thinking questions, the cognitive style question, and the interview. The applied data analysis consisted of data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The findings showed (1) spatial thinking process of holistic-external representation typed learners were indicated by the representative thinking element, abstract-illustrative figure expression to communicate and complete the tasks correctly, (2) spatial thinking process of the holistic-internal representation typed learners were indicated by the representative means, having ideas, connecting with the previous knowledge in the forms of symbols and numbers, and finding the final results correctly although incomplete.Henry Suryo Bintoro*Y.L. SukestiyarnoMulyonoWalidRU Publicationsarticleapos theory cognitive style field-independent spatial thinking.EducationLENEuropean Journal of Educational Research , Vol 10, Iss 4, Pp 1807-1823 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	apos theory cognitive style field-independent spatial thinking. Education L
spellingShingle	apos theory cognitive style field-independent spatial thinking. Education L Henry Suryo Bintoro* Y.L. Sukestiyarno Mulyono Walid The Spatial Thinking Process of the Field-Independent Students based on Action-Process-Object-Schema Theory
description	Spatial thinking has roles to facilitate learners to remember, understand, reason, and communicate objects and the connections among objects that are represented in space. This research aims to analyze the spatial thinking process of students in constructing new knowledge seen from the field-independent cognitive style learners based on Action-Process-Object-Schema (APOS) theory. APOS theory is used to explore spatial thinking processes which consist of mental structures of action, process, object, and schema. This research is qualitative research with an exploratory method. It provided the students' opportunity to solve problems alternately until the method found the most appropriate subjects for the research objectives. The subjects were 2 students of Mathematics Education in the fourth semester of Universitas Muria Kudus Indonesia. The data collection techniques were started by distributing the validated and reliable spatial thinking questions, the cognitive style question, and the interview. The applied data analysis consisted of data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The findings showed (1) spatial thinking process of holistic-external representation typed learners were indicated by the representative thinking element, abstract-illustrative figure expression to communicate and complete the tasks correctly, (2) spatial thinking process of the holistic-internal representation typed learners were indicated by the representative means, having ideas, connecting with the previous knowledge in the forms of symbols and numbers, and finding the final results correctly although incomplete.
format	article
author	Henry Suryo Bintoro* Y.L. Sukestiyarno Mulyono Walid
author_facet	Henry Suryo Bintoro* Y.L. Sukestiyarno Mulyono Walid
author_sort	Henry Suryo Bintoro*
title	The Spatial Thinking Process of the Field-Independent Students based on Action-Process-Object-Schema Theory
title_short	The Spatial Thinking Process of the Field-Independent Students based on Action-Process-Object-Schema Theory
title_full	The Spatial Thinking Process of the Field-Independent Students based on Action-Process-Object-Schema Theory
title_fullStr	The Spatial Thinking Process of the Field-Independent Students based on Action-Process-Object-Schema Theory
title_full_unstemmed	The Spatial Thinking Process of the Field-Independent Students based on Action-Process-Object-Schema Theory
title_sort	spatial thinking process of the field-independent students based on action-process-object-schema theory
publisher	RU Publications
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cdd4a021f207493b8491c817b37623a4
work_keys_str_mv	AT henrysuryobintoro thespatialthinkingprocessofthefieldindependentstudentsbasedonactionprocessobjectschematheory AT ylsukestiyarno thespatialthinkingprocessofthefieldindependentstudentsbasedonactionprocessobjectschematheory AT mulyono thespatialthinkingprocessofthefieldindependentstudentsbasedonactionprocessobjectschematheory AT walid thespatialthinkingprocessofthefieldindependentstudentsbasedonactionprocessobjectschematheory AT henrysuryobintoro spatialthinkingprocessofthefieldindependentstudentsbasedonactionprocessobjectschematheory AT ylsukestiyarno spatialthinkingprocessofthefieldindependentstudentsbasedonactionprocessobjectschematheory AT mulyono spatialthinkingprocessofthefieldindependentstudentsbasedonactionprocessobjectschematheory AT walid spatialthinkingprocessofthefieldindependentstudentsbasedonactionprocessobjectschematheory
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The Spatial Thinking Process of the Field-Independent Students based on Action-Process-Object-Schema Theory

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