Solid-state fermented brewer's spent grain enzymatic extract increases in vitro and in vivo feed digestibility in European seabass

Abstract Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is the largest by-product originated from the brewery industry with a high potential for producing carbohydrases by solid-state fermentation. This work aimed to test the efficacy of a carbohydrases-rich extract produced from solid-state fermentation of BSG, to enh...

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Autores principales:	Helena Fernandes, Francisco Moyano, Carolina Castro, José Salgado, Francisca Martínez, María Aznar, Nelson Fernandes, Patrícia Ferreira, Margarida Gonçalves, Isabel Belo, Aires Oliva-Teles, Helena Peres
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d27efb9954384740b7b6bd6cd9e304a2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d27efb9954384740b7b6bd6cd9e304a22021-11-28T12:21:33ZSolid-state fermented brewer's spent grain enzymatic extract increases in vitro and in vivo feed digestibility in European seabass10.1038/s41598-021-02393-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d27efb9954384740b7b6bd6cd9e304a22021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02393-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is the largest by-product originated from the brewery industry with a high potential for producing carbohydrases by solid-state fermentation. This work aimed to test the efficacy of a carbohydrases-rich extract produced from solid-state fermentation of BSG, to enhance the digestibility of a plant-based diet for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). First, BSG was fermented with A. ibericus to obtain an aqueous lyophilized extract (SSF-BSG extract) and incorporated in a plant-based diet at increasing levels (0—control; 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%). Another diet incorporating a commercial carbohydrases-complex (0.04%; Natugrain; BASF) was formulated. Then, all diets were tested in in vitro and in vivo digestibility assays. In vitro assays, simulating stomach and intestine digestion in European seabass, assessed dietary phosphorus, phytate phosphorus, carbohydrates, and protein hydrolysis, as well as interactive effects between fish enzymes and dietary SSF-BSG extract. After, an in vivo assay was carried out with European seabass juveniles fed selected diets (0—control; 0.1%, and 0.4%). In vitro digestibility assays showed that pentoses release increased 45% with 0.4% SSF-BSG extract and 25% with Natugrain supplemented diets, while amino acids release was not affected. A negative interaction between endogenous fish enzymes and SSF-BSG extract was observed in both diets. The in vivo digestibility assay corroborated in vitro data. Accordingly, the dietary supplementation with 0.4% SSF-BSG increased the digestibility of dry matter, starch, cellulose, glucans, and energy and did not affect protein digestibility. The present work showed the high potential of BSG to produce an added-value functional supplement with high carbohydrases activity and its potential contribution to the circular economy by improving the nutritional value of low-cost and sustainable ingredients that can be included in aquafeeds.Helena FernandesFrancisco MoyanoCarolina CastroJosé SalgadoFrancisca MartínezMaría AznarNelson FernandesPatrícia FerreiraMargarida GonçalvesIsabel BeloAires Oliva-TelesHelena PeresNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Helena Fernandes Francisco Moyano Carolina Castro José Salgado Francisca Martínez María Aznar Nelson Fernandes Patrícia Ferreira Margarida Gonçalves Isabel Belo Aires Oliva-Teles Helena Peres Solid-state fermented brewer's spent grain enzymatic extract increases in vitro and in vivo feed digestibility in European seabass
description	Abstract Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is the largest by-product originated from the brewery industry with a high potential for producing carbohydrases by solid-state fermentation. This work aimed to test the efficacy of a carbohydrases-rich extract produced from solid-state fermentation of BSG, to enhance the digestibility of a plant-based diet for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). First, BSG was fermented with A. ibericus to obtain an aqueous lyophilized extract (SSF-BSG extract) and incorporated in a plant-based diet at increasing levels (0—control; 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%). Another diet incorporating a commercial carbohydrases-complex (0.04%; Natugrain; BASF) was formulated. Then, all diets were tested in in vitro and in vivo digestibility assays. In vitro assays, simulating stomach and intestine digestion in European seabass, assessed dietary phosphorus, phytate phosphorus, carbohydrates, and protein hydrolysis, as well as interactive effects between fish enzymes and dietary SSF-BSG extract. After, an in vivo assay was carried out with European seabass juveniles fed selected diets (0—control; 0.1%, and 0.4%). In vitro digestibility assays showed that pentoses release increased 45% with 0.4% SSF-BSG extract and 25% with Natugrain supplemented diets, while amino acids release was not affected. A negative interaction between endogenous fish enzymes and SSF-BSG extract was observed in both diets. The in vivo digestibility assay corroborated in vitro data. Accordingly, the dietary supplementation with 0.4% SSF-BSG increased the digestibility of dry matter, starch, cellulose, glucans, and energy and did not affect protein digestibility. The present work showed the high potential of BSG to produce an added-value functional supplement with high carbohydrases activity and its potential contribution to the circular economy by improving the nutritional value of low-cost and sustainable ingredients that can be included in aquafeeds.
format	article
author	Helena Fernandes Francisco Moyano Carolina Castro José Salgado Francisca Martínez María Aznar Nelson Fernandes Patrícia Ferreira Margarida Gonçalves Isabel Belo Aires Oliva-Teles Helena Peres
author_facet	Helena Fernandes Francisco Moyano Carolina Castro José Salgado Francisca Martínez María Aznar Nelson Fernandes Patrícia Ferreira Margarida Gonçalves Isabel Belo Aires Oliva-Teles Helena Peres
author_sort	Helena Fernandes
title	Solid-state fermented brewer's spent grain enzymatic extract increases in vitro and in vivo feed digestibility in European seabass
title_short	Solid-state fermented brewer's spent grain enzymatic extract increases in vitro and in vivo feed digestibility in European seabass
title_full	Solid-state fermented brewer's spent grain enzymatic extract increases in vitro and in vivo feed digestibility in European seabass
title_fullStr	Solid-state fermented brewer's spent grain enzymatic extract increases in vitro and in vivo feed digestibility in European seabass
title_full_unstemmed	Solid-state fermented brewer's spent grain enzymatic extract increases in vitro and in vivo feed digestibility in European seabass
title_sort	solid-state fermented brewer's spent grain enzymatic extract increases in vitro and in vivo feed digestibility in european seabass
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d27efb9954384740b7b6bd6cd9e304a2
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Solid-state fermented brewer's spent grain enzymatic extract increases in vitro and in vivo feed digestibility in European seabass

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