The School Attachment Monitor-A novel computational tool for assessment of attachment in middle childhood.

<h4>Background</h4>Attachment research has been limited by the lack of quick and easy measures. We report development and validation of the School Attachment Monitor (SAM), a novel measure for largescale assessment of attachment in children aged 5-9, in the general population. SAM offers...

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Autores principales:	Maki Rooksby, Simona Di Folco, Mohammad Tayarani, Dong-Bach Vo, Rui Huan, Alessandro Vinciarelli, Stephen A Brewster, Helen Minnis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d397cc267d2b485d9fe8136c66f96030
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d397cc267d2b485d9fe8136c66f960302021-12-02T20:04:58ZThe School Attachment Monitor-A novel computational tool for assessment of attachment in middle childhood.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0240277https://doaj.org/article/d397cc267d2b485d9fe8136c66f960302021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240277https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Attachment research has been limited by the lack of quick and easy measures. We report development and validation of the School Attachment Monitor (SAM), a novel measure for largescale assessment of attachment in children aged 5-9, in the general population. SAM offers automatic presentation, on computer, of story-stems based on the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task (MCAST), without the need for trained administrators. SAM is delivered by novel software which interacts with child participants, starting with warm-up activities to familiarise them with the task. Children's story completion is video recorded and augmented by 'smart dolls' that the child can hold and manipulate, with movement sensors for data collection. The design of SAM was informed by children of users' age range to establish their task understanding and incorporate their innovative ideas for improving SAM software.<h4>Methods</h4>130 5-9 year old children were recruited from mainstream primary schools. In Phase 1, sixty-one children completed both SAM and MCAST. Inter-rater reliability and rating concordance was compared between SAM and MCAST. In Phase 2, a further 44 children completed SAM complete and, including those children completing SAM in Phase 1 (total n = 105), a machine learning algorithm was developed using a "majority vote" procedure where, for each child, 500 non-overlapping video frames contribute to the decision.<h4>Results</h4>Using manual rating, SAM-MCAST concordance was excellent (89% secure versus insecure; 97% organised versus disorganised; 86% four-way). Comparison of human ratings of SAM versus the machine learning algorithm showed over 80% concordance.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We have developed a new tool for measuring attachment at the population level, which has good reliability compared to a validated attachment measure and has the potential for automatic rating-opening the door to measurement of attachment in large populations.Maki RooksbySimona Di FolcoMohammad TayaraniDong-Bach VoRui HuanAlessandro VinciarelliStephen A BrewsterHelen MinnisPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0240277 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Maki Rooksby Simona Di Folco Mohammad Tayarani Dong-Bach Vo Rui Huan Alessandro Vinciarelli Stephen A Brewster Helen Minnis The School Attachment Monitor-A novel computational tool for assessment of attachment in middle childhood.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Attachment research has been limited by the lack of quick and easy measures. We report development and validation of the School Attachment Monitor (SAM), a novel measure for largescale assessment of attachment in children aged 5-9, in the general population. SAM offers automatic presentation, on computer, of story-stems based on the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task (MCAST), without the need for trained administrators. SAM is delivered by novel software which interacts with child participants, starting with warm-up activities to familiarise them with the task. Children's story completion is video recorded and augmented by 'smart dolls' that the child can hold and manipulate, with movement sensors for data collection. The design of SAM was informed by children of users' age range to establish their task understanding and incorporate their innovative ideas for improving SAM software.<h4>Methods</h4>130 5-9 year old children were recruited from mainstream primary schools. In Phase 1, sixty-one children completed both SAM and MCAST. Inter-rater reliability and rating concordance was compared between SAM and MCAST. In Phase 2, a further 44 children completed SAM complete and, including those children completing SAM in Phase 1 (total n = 105), a machine learning algorithm was developed using a "majority vote" procedure where, for each child, 500 non-overlapping video frames contribute to the decision.<h4>Results</h4>Using manual rating, SAM-MCAST concordance was excellent (89% secure versus insecure; 97% organised versus disorganised; 86% four-way). Comparison of human ratings of SAM versus the machine learning algorithm showed over 80% concordance.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We have developed a new tool for measuring attachment at the population level, which has good reliability compared to a validated attachment measure and has the potential for automatic rating-opening the door to measurement of attachment in large populations.
format	article
author	Maki Rooksby Simona Di Folco Mohammad Tayarani Dong-Bach Vo Rui Huan Alessandro Vinciarelli Stephen A Brewster Helen Minnis
author_facet	Maki Rooksby Simona Di Folco Mohammad Tayarani Dong-Bach Vo Rui Huan Alessandro Vinciarelli Stephen A Brewster Helen Minnis
author_sort	Maki Rooksby
title	The School Attachment Monitor-A novel computational tool for assessment of attachment in middle childhood.
title_short	The School Attachment Monitor-A novel computational tool for assessment of attachment in middle childhood.
title_full	The School Attachment Monitor-A novel computational tool for assessment of attachment in middle childhood.
title_fullStr	The School Attachment Monitor-A novel computational tool for assessment of attachment in middle childhood.
title_full_unstemmed	The School Attachment Monitor-A novel computational tool for assessment of attachment in middle childhood.
title_sort	school attachment monitor-a novel computational tool for assessment of attachment in middle childhood.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d397cc267d2b485d9fe8136c66f96030
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The School Attachment Monitor-A novel computational tool for assessment of attachment in middle childhood.

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