Charging effect induced by electron beam irradiation: a review
Charging effect frequently occurs when characterizing nonconductive materials using electrons as probes and/or signals and can impede the acquisition of useful information about the material under investigation. It is not adequate to investigate it merely by experiments, but theoretical investigatio...
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Main Authors: | , , , |
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Format: | article |
Language: | EN |
Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2021
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doaj.org/article/d5e4576848694b0ca005da694be3755f |
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