Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Whey Protein-Based Films Functionalized with Palestinian <i>Satureja capitata</i> Essential Oil

The present study aimed to produce bio-active packaging materials made of whey proteins (WPs) and essential oil (EO) extracted from Thymbra (<i>Satureja capitata</i>, L.), one of the most popular Palestinian wild plants. In this study, two different Thymbra leaves from Nablus and Qabatiy...

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Autores principales:	Manar Abdalrazeq, Nidal Jaradat, Mohammad Qadi, C. Valeria L. Giosafatto, Eliana Dell’Olmo, Rosa Gaglione, Angela Arciello, Raffaele Porta
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	antimicrobial film active packaging food coating whey proteins essential oil Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/db4f989ea95942c88a3d31cafae99144
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:db4f989ea95942c88a3d31cafae991442021-11-25T17:16:30ZPhysicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Whey Protein-Based Films Functionalized with Palestinian <i>Satureja capitata</i> Essential Oil10.3390/coatings111113642079-6412https://doaj.org/article/db4f989ea95942c88a3d31cafae991442021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/11/11/1364https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6412The present study aimed to produce bio-active packaging materials made of whey proteins (WPs) and essential oil (EO) extracted from Thymbra (<i>Satureja capitata</i>, L.), one of the most popular Palestinian wild plants. In this study, two different Thymbra leaves from Nablus and Qabatiya in Palestine were collected and analyzed for EOs by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Based on the analysis, two EOs, namely, TEO1 and TEO2, were extracted, and it was found that both samples primarily contain γ-terpinene and carvacrol, whereas <i>p</i>-cymene was detected only in TEO1. The antimicrobial activity of TEO1 and TEO2 was evaluated by microbroth microdilution assays against pathogenic bacteria and yeast. Based on the results, TEO1 exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against the test strains. Besides, TEO1 was chosen to functionalize WP-based films at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.4%, and 0.8% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> of Film Forming Solutions). Film mechanical property investigation showed a marked reduction in the tensile strength and Young’s modulus at 0.8% TEO1. In contrast, its elongation at break value was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased due to the plasticizing effect of the EO. Moreover, the film transparency was found to be significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduced by increasing TEO1 concentrations. Finally, microbiological investigations indicated that film antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria increased dose-dependently. The overall results open interesting perspectives for employing these films as preservative materials in food packaging.Manar AbdalrazeqNidal JaradatMohammad QadiC. Valeria L. GiosafattoEliana Dell’OlmoRosa GaglioneAngela ArcielloRaffaele PortaMDPI AGarticleantimicrobial filmactive packagingfood coatingwhey proteinsessential oilEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040ENCoatings, Vol 11, Iss 1364, p 1364 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antimicrobial film active packaging food coating whey proteins essential oil Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
spellingShingle	antimicrobial film active packaging food coating whey proteins essential oil Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Manar Abdalrazeq Nidal Jaradat Mohammad Qadi C. Valeria L. Giosafatto Eliana Dell’Olmo Rosa Gaglione Angela Arciello Raffaele Porta Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Whey Protein-Based Films Functionalized with Palestinian <i>Satureja capitata</i> Essential Oil
description	The present study aimed to produce bio-active packaging materials made of whey proteins (WPs) and essential oil (EO) extracted from Thymbra (<i>Satureja capitata</i>, L.), one of the most popular Palestinian wild plants. In this study, two different Thymbra leaves from Nablus and Qabatiya in Palestine were collected and analyzed for EOs by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Based on the analysis, two EOs, namely, TEO1 and TEO2, were extracted, and it was found that both samples primarily contain γ-terpinene and carvacrol, whereas <i>p</i>-cymene was detected only in TEO1. The antimicrobial activity of TEO1 and TEO2 was evaluated by microbroth microdilution assays against pathogenic bacteria and yeast. Based on the results, TEO1 exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against the test strains. Besides, TEO1 was chosen to functionalize WP-based films at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.4%, and 0.8% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> of Film Forming Solutions). Film mechanical property investigation showed a marked reduction in the tensile strength and Young’s modulus at 0.8% TEO1. In contrast, its elongation at break value was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased due to the plasticizing effect of the EO. Moreover, the film transparency was found to be significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduced by increasing TEO1 concentrations. Finally, microbiological investigations indicated that film antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria increased dose-dependently. The overall results open interesting perspectives for employing these films as preservative materials in food packaging.
format	article
author	Manar Abdalrazeq Nidal Jaradat Mohammad Qadi C. Valeria L. Giosafatto Eliana Dell’Olmo Rosa Gaglione Angela Arciello Raffaele Porta
author_facet	Manar Abdalrazeq Nidal Jaradat Mohammad Qadi C. Valeria L. Giosafatto Eliana Dell’Olmo Rosa Gaglione Angela Arciello Raffaele Porta
author_sort	Manar Abdalrazeq
title	Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Whey Protein-Based Films Functionalized with Palestinian <i>Satureja capitata</i> Essential Oil
title_short	Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Whey Protein-Based Films Functionalized with Palestinian <i>Satureja capitata</i> Essential Oil
title_full	Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Whey Protein-Based Films Functionalized with Palestinian <i>Satureja capitata</i> Essential Oil
title_fullStr	Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Whey Protein-Based Films Functionalized with Palestinian <i>Satureja capitata</i> Essential Oil
title_full_unstemmed	Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Whey Protein-Based Films Functionalized with Palestinian <i>Satureja capitata</i> Essential Oil
title_sort	physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of whey protein-based films functionalized with palestinian <i>satureja capitata</i> essential oil
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/db4f989ea95942c88a3d31cafae99144
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Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Whey Protein-Based Films Functionalized with Palestinian <i>Satureja capitata</i> Essential Oil

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