Water-pipe smoking and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.

Water-pipe (WP) smoking has significantly increased in the last decade worldwide. Compelling evidence suggests that the toxicants in WP smoke are similar to that of cigarette smoke. The WP smoking in a single session could have acute harmful health effects even worse than cigarette smoking. However,...

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Autores principales:	Kashif Shafique, Saira Saeed Mirza, Muhammad Kashif Mughal, Zain Islam Arain, Naveed Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Farooq Tareen, Ishtiaque Ahmad
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e001ae9c6bb14668bb88ed12779b3ca0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e001ae9c6bb14668bb88ed12779b3ca02021-11-18T07:10:49ZWater-pipe smoking and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0039734https://doaj.org/article/e001ae9c6bb14668bb88ed12779b3ca02012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22848361/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Water-pipe (WP) smoking has significantly increased in the last decade worldwide. Compelling evidence suggests that the toxicants in WP smoke are similar to that of cigarette smoke. The WP smoking in a single session could have acute harmful health effects even worse than cigarette smoking. However, there is no evidence as such on long term WP smoking and its impact on chronic health conditions particularly cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the relationship between WP smoking and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Punjab province of Pakistan using the baseline data of a population-based study--Urban Rural Chronic Diseases Study (URCDS). Information was collected by trained nurses regarding the socio-demographic profile, lifestyle factors including WP smoking, current and past illnesses. A blood sample was obtained for measurement of complete blood count, lipid profile and fasting glucose level. MetS was ascertained by using the International Diabetic Federation's criteria. We carried out multiple logistic regressions to investigate the association between WP smoking and MetS. Final sample included 2,032 individuals--of those 325 (16.0%) were current WP smokers. Age adjusted-prevalence of MetS was significantly higher among current WP smokers (33.1%) compared with non-smokers (14.8%). Water-pipe smokers were three times more likely to have MetS (OR 3.21, 95% CI 2.38-4.33) compared with non-smokers after adjustment for age, sex and social class. WP smokers were significantly more likely to have hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.25-2.10), hyperglycaemia (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.37-2.41), Hypertension (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.51-2.51) and abdominal obesity (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.52-2.45). However, there were no significant differences in HDL level between WP smokers and non-smokers. This study suggests that WP smoking has a significant positive (harmful) relationship with MetS and its components.Kashif ShafiqueSaira Saeed MirzaMuhammad Kashif MughalZain Islam ArainNaveed Ahmed KhanMuhammad Farooq TareenIshtiaque AhmadPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 7, p e39734 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Kashif Shafique Saira Saeed Mirza Muhammad Kashif Mughal Zain Islam Arain Naveed Ahmed Khan Muhammad Farooq Tareen Ishtiaque Ahmad Water-pipe smoking and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.
description	Water-pipe (WP) smoking has significantly increased in the last decade worldwide. Compelling evidence suggests that the toxicants in WP smoke are similar to that of cigarette smoke. The WP smoking in a single session could have acute harmful health effects even worse than cigarette smoking. However, there is no evidence as such on long term WP smoking and its impact on chronic health conditions particularly cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the relationship between WP smoking and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Punjab province of Pakistan using the baseline data of a population-based study--Urban Rural Chronic Diseases Study (URCDS). Information was collected by trained nurses regarding the socio-demographic profile, lifestyle factors including WP smoking, current and past illnesses. A blood sample was obtained for measurement of complete blood count, lipid profile and fasting glucose level. MetS was ascertained by using the International Diabetic Federation's criteria. We carried out multiple logistic regressions to investigate the association between WP smoking and MetS. Final sample included 2,032 individuals--of those 325 (16.0%) were current WP smokers. Age adjusted-prevalence of MetS was significantly higher among current WP smokers (33.1%) compared with non-smokers (14.8%). Water-pipe smokers were three times more likely to have MetS (OR 3.21, 95% CI 2.38-4.33) compared with non-smokers after adjustment for age, sex and social class. WP smokers were significantly more likely to have hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.25-2.10), hyperglycaemia (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.37-2.41), Hypertension (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.51-2.51) and abdominal obesity (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.52-2.45). However, there were no significant differences in HDL level between WP smokers and non-smokers. This study suggests that WP smoking has a significant positive (harmful) relationship with MetS and its components.
format	article
author	Kashif Shafique Saira Saeed Mirza Muhammad Kashif Mughal Zain Islam Arain Naveed Ahmed Khan Muhammad Farooq Tareen Ishtiaque Ahmad
author_facet	Kashif Shafique Saira Saeed Mirza Muhammad Kashif Mughal Zain Islam Arain Naveed Ahmed Khan Muhammad Farooq Tareen Ishtiaque Ahmad
author_sort	Kashif Shafique
title	Water-pipe smoking and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.
title_short	Water-pipe smoking and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.
title_full	Water-pipe smoking and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.
title_fullStr	Water-pipe smoking and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.
title_full_unstemmed	Water-pipe smoking and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.
title_sort	water-pipe smoking and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/e001ae9c6bb14668bb88ed12779b3ca0
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Water-pipe smoking and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.

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