Effects of Multi-Bacteria Solid-State Fermented Diets with Different Crude Fiber Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Microbial Flora of Finishing Pigs

This study aimed to investigate the effects of multi-bacteria solid-state fermented diets with different crude fiber (CF) levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and microbial flora of finishing pigs. The multi-bacteria solid-state fermented diets were made up of <i>Lactobacillus...

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Autores principales:	Ping Hu, Lingang Wang, Zhijin Hu, Liwen Jiang, Hong Hu, Zebin Rao, Liuting Wu, Zhiru Tang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	dietary fiber level multi-bacteria solid-state fermentation growth performance digestibility microflora Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e2e0b131d0fe496b96ed98182567146b
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:e2e0b131d0fe496b96ed98182567146b
record_format	dspace
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	dietary fiber level multi-bacteria solid-state fermentation growth performance digestibility microflora Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	dietary fiber level multi-bacteria solid-state fermentation growth performance digestibility microflora Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Ping Hu Lingang Wang Zhijin Hu Liwen Jiang Hong Hu Zebin Rao Liuting Wu Zhiru Tang Effects of Multi-Bacteria Solid-State Fermented Diets with Different Crude Fiber Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Microbial Flora of Finishing Pigs
description	This study aimed to investigate the effects of multi-bacteria solid-state fermented diets with different crude fiber (CF) levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and microbial flora of finishing pigs. The multi-bacteria solid-state fermented diets were made up of <i>Lactobacillus amylovorus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and <i>Candida utilis</i>. According to a 2 (factors) × 2 (levels) design, with the two factors being multi-bacteria solid-state fermentation (fed non-fermented diet or multi-bacteria fermentation) or CF levels (fed a basal diet containing 2.52% CF or 7.00% CF), a total of 36 finishing pigs (70.80 ± 5.75 kg) were divided into 4 treatments with 9 barrows per group: (1) pigs fed a diet containing 7.00% CF (HF), (2) pigs fed a multi-bacteria fermentation diet containing 7.00% CF (HFM), (3) pigs fed a diet containing 2.52% CF (LF), and (4) piglets fed a multi-bacteria fermentation diet containing 2.52% CF (LFM). This experiment lasted 28 days. The multi-bacteria solid-state fermented diet increased the backfat thickness (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility (ATTD) of CF, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), 8 amino acids (Trp, Asp, Gly, Cys, Val, Met, Ile, and Leu), total essential amino acids (EAA), total non-essential amino acids (NEEA), and total amino acids (TAA) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Multi-bacteria solid-state fermented diet increased serum concentrations of HDL-c, ABL, TP, and GLU, the serum enzyme activities of GSH-Px, T-AOC, SOD, and CAT (<i>p</i> < 0.05), the relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Oscillospira</i>, and <i>Coprococcus</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the abundance of YAMINSYN3-PWY, PWY-7013, GOLPDLCAT-PWY, ARGORNPROST-PWY, and PWY-5022 pathways (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The multi-bacteria solid-state fermented diet reduced the digestion amount of CF, NDF, and ADF (<i>p</i> < 0.05), the serum concentrations of TC, TG, LDL-c, BUN, and MDA (<i>p</i> < 0.05), the relative abundance of <i>Streptococcaceae</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the abundance of PWY-6470, PWY0-862, HSERMETANA-PWY, LACTOSECAT-PWY, MET-SAM-PWY, PWY-6700, PWY-5347, PWY0-1061, and LACTOSECAT-PWY pathways (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The high-fiber diet increased average daily feed intake (<i>p</i> < 0.05), the serum concentrations of TC, TG, LDL-c, BUN, and MDA (<i>p</i> < 0.05), the relative abundance of <i>Clostridiaceae_Clostridium</i> and <i>Coprococcus</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the abundance of TCA-GLYOX-BYPASS, GLYCOLYSIS-TCA-GLYOX-BYPASS, and PWY-6906 pathways (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The high-fiber diet reduced chest circumference (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and ATTD of ether extract (EE), CF, NDF, ADF, Ca, CP, 18 amino acids (Trp, Thr, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Phe, Lys, His, Arg Asp, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala, Cys, Tyr, and Pro), EAA, NEAA, and TAA (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The high-fiber diet also reduced the serum concentrations of HDL-c, TP, ABL, and GLU, the serum enzyme activities of T-AOC, GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the relative abundance of <i>Akkermansia</i> and <i>Oscillospira</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There was no significant effect of the interaction between multi-bacteria fermentation and dietary CF levels, except on the digestion amount of CF (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The 7.00% CF had a negative effect on the digestion of nutrients, but multi-bacteria solid-state fermentation diets could relieve this negative effect and increase backfat thickness. High-fiber diets and multi-bacteria solid-state fermentation improved the diversity and abundance of fecal microorganisms in finishing pigs.
format	article
author	Ping Hu Lingang Wang Zhijin Hu Liwen Jiang Hong Hu Zebin Rao Liuting Wu Zhiru Tang
author_facet	Ping Hu Lingang Wang Zhijin Hu Liwen Jiang Hong Hu Zebin Rao Liuting Wu Zhiru Tang
author_sort	Ping Hu
title	Effects of Multi-Bacteria Solid-State Fermented Diets with Different Crude Fiber Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Microbial Flora of Finishing Pigs
title_short	Effects of Multi-Bacteria Solid-State Fermented Diets with Different Crude Fiber Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Microbial Flora of Finishing Pigs
title_full	Effects of Multi-Bacteria Solid-State Fermented Diets with Different Crude Fiber Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Microbial Flora of Finishing Pigs
title_fullStr	Effects of Multi-Bacteria Solid-State Fermented Diets with Different Crude Fiber Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Microbial Flora of Finishing Pigs
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of Multi-Bacteria Solid-State Fermented Diets with Different Crude Fiber Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Microbial Flora of Finishing Pigs
title_sort	effects of multi-bacteria solid-state fermented diets with different crude fiber levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and microbial flora of finishing pigs
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e2e0b131d0fe496b96ed98182567146b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e2e0b131d0fe496b96ed98182567146b2021-11-25T16:14:40ZEffects of Multi-Bacteria Solid-State Fermented Diets with Different Crude Fiber Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Microbial Flora of Finishing Pigs10.3390/ani111130792076-2615https://doaj.org/article/e2e0b131d0fe496b96ed98182567146b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3079https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615This study aimed to investigate the effects of multi-bacteria solid-state fermented diets with different crude fiber (CF) levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and microbial flora of finishing pigs. The multi-bacteria solid-state fermented diets were made up of <i>Lactobacillus amylovorus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and <i>Candida utilis</i>. According to a 2 (factors) × 2 (levels) design, with the two factors being multi-bacteria solid-state fermentation (fed non-fermented diet or multi-bacteria fermentation) or CF levels (fed a basal diet containing 2.52% CF or 7.00% CF), a total of 36 finishing pigs (70.80 ± 5.75 kg) were divided into 4 treatments with 9 barrows per group: (1) pigs fed a diet containing 7.00% CF (HF), (2) pigs fed a multi-bacteria fermentation diet containing 7.00% CF (HFM), (3) pigs fed a diet containing 2.52% CF (LF), and (4) piglets fed a multi-bacteria fermentation diet containing 2.52% CF (LFM). This experiment lasted 28 days. The multi-bacteria solid-state fermented diet increased the backfat thickness (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility (ATTD) of CF, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), 8 amino acids (Trp, Asp, Gly, Cys, Val, Met, Ile, and Leu), total essential amino acids (EAA), total non-essential amino acids (NEEA), and total amino acids (TAA) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Multi-bacteria solid-state fermented diet increased serum concentrations of HDL-c, ABL, TP, and GLU, the serum enzyme activities of GSH-Px, T-AOC, SOD, and CAT (<i>p</i> < 0.05), the relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Oscillospira</i>, and <i>Coprococcus</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the abundance of YAMINSYN3-PWY, PWY-7013, GOLPDLCAT-PWY, ARGORNPROST-PWY, and PWY-5022 pathways (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The multi-bacteria solid-state fermented diet reduced the digestion amount of CF, NDF, and ADF (<i>p</i> < 0.05), the serum concentrations of TC, TG, LDL-c, BUN, and MDA (<i>p</i> < 0.05), the relative abundance of <i>Streptococcaceae</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the abundance of PWY-6470, PWY0-862, HSERMETANA-PWY, LACTOSECAT-PWY, MET-SAM-PWY, PWY-6700, PWY-5347, PWY0-1061, and LACTOSECAT-PWY pathways (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The high-fiber diet increased average daily feed intake (<i>p</i> < 0.05), the serum concentrations of TC, TG, LDL-c, BUN, and MDA (<i>p</i> < 0.05), the relative abundance of <i>Clostridiaceae_Clostridium</i> and <i>Coprococcus</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the abundance of TCA-GLYOX-BYPASS, GLYCOLYSIS-TCA-GLYOX-BYPASS, and PWY-6906 pathways (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The high-fiber diet reduced chest circumference (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and ATTD of ether extract (EE), CF, NDF, ADF, Ca, CP, 18 amino acids (Trp, Thr, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Phe, Lys, His, Arg Asp, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala, Cys, Tyr, and Pro), EAA, NEAA, and TAA (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The high-fiber diet also reduced the serum concentrations of HDL-c, TP, ABL, and GLU, the serum enzyme activities of T-AOC, GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the relative abundance of <i>Akkermansia</i> and <i>Oscillospira</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There was no significant effect of the interaction between multi-bacteria fermentation and dietary CF levels, except on the digestion amount of CF (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The 7.00% CF had a negative effect on the digestion of nutrients, but multi-bacteria solid-state fermentation diets could relieve this negative effect and increase backfat thickness. High-fiber diets and multi-bacteria solid-state fermentation improved the diversity and abundance of fecal microorganisms in finishing pigs.Ping HuLingang WangZhijin HuLiwen JiangHong HuZebin RaoLiuting WuZhiru TangMDPI AGarticledietary fiber levelmulti-bacteria solid-state fermentationgrowth performancedigestibilitymicrofloraVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3079, p 3079 (2021)

Effects of Multi-Bacteria Solid-State Fermented Diets with Different Crude Fiber Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Microbial Flora of Finishing Pigs

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